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Explores how international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter limit State actions in peacetime and wartime. Covers State responsibility for misuse by private citizens, prohibitions on arms transfers, individual criminal responsibility, prosecution and enforcement, and emergent international regulations, including law-enforcement use, civilian gun regulation, transfer controls, brokering, and actionable opportunities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/international-law-and-small-arms-and-light-weapons-control-obligations-challenges-and-opportunities-briefing-paper-march-2006/500756/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/international-law-and-small-arms-and-light-weapons-control-obligations-challenges-and-opportunities-briefing-paper-march-2006/500756.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What legal limits do international human rights law, IHL, and the UN Charter impose on small arms use and transfer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They limit State actions regarding small arms use and transfer and apply in both peacetime and wartime. The limitations aim to prevent threats to human security from law enforcement, the military, or private citizens.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper frame State responsibility regarding misuse by private citizens?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It examines the legal basis for States’ responsibility to prevent small arms misuse, including situations involving misuse by private citizens. It also identifies areas where further codification of these responsibilities may be warranted.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What kinds of international regulations and policy areas does the briefing paper highlight for strengthening small arms control?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It covers emergent international regulations and key control areas such as use of force by law-enforcement agencies, regulating civilian gun ownership, transfer controls, transfers to non-State armed groups, and regulating arms brokering activity, alongside opportunities for action.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},500756,1791151789,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Centre for humanitarian dialogue Centre pour le dialogue humanitaire  \n114 rue de lausanne ch 1202 genève  \nBriefing Paper  \nInternational law and small arms and light weapons control:  \nObligations, challenges and opportunities  \nMarch 2006  \nContents  \nIntroduction ..................................................................................................... 3  \nOverview of existing obligations .................................................................. 3  \nState responsibility for misuse of firearms by private citizens ................................. 4  \nProhibitions on arms transfers ................................................................................. 5  \nThe law of State responsibility ................................................................................. 6  \nIndividual criminal responsibility .............................................................................. 7  \nProsecution and enforcement ....................................................................... 8  \nEmergent international regulations .............................................................. 9  \nUse of force and firearms by law enforcement agencies ......................................... 9  \nRegulating guns in the hands of civilians .............................................................. 10  \nTransfer controls.................................................................................................... 12  \nTransfers to non-State armed groups.................................................................... 14  \nRegulating arms brokering activity ........................................................................ 16  \nOpportunities for action ............................................................................... 18  \nAnnex: Relevant sources of international law ........................................... 22  \nIntroduction  \nIn the ideal society functioning under the rule of law, the armed forces and police carry guns so that the rest of the population doesn’t have to. The opposite case is one in which no enforcement of the rule of the law leads to vigilantism and high levels of firearm violence and death.1  \nFor any illegal act there is often a sense that, even if one starts by thinking about the principal perpetrator, there is a need to consider others who:  \nfinance, facilitate, encourage, support and assist in the enterprise.2  \nIn the wrong hands, small arms and light weapons3 can be tools of oppression, used to commit violations of human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL); they can exacerbate situations of national and regional instability and armed conflict; and they can hinder post-conflict reconstruction. The close relationship between small arms availability and human insecurity has merited increasing levels of attention by the international community in recent years, resulting in a growing body of relevant international law.  \nInternational human rights law, IHL and the UN Charter—including international norms against genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity—all place limitations on the actions of the State with regard to small arms use and transfer. These limitations apply, to varying degrees, in peacetime and wartime and are intended to prevent threats to human security, whether by law enforcement, the military or private citizens.  \nThis briefing paper explores the legal basis of States’responsibility to prevent small arms misuse and to restrict arms transfers when the weapons are likely to be misused. It identifies areas that warrant further codification of these responsibilities, as well as opportunities in the coming period for strengthening the legal norms around these issues.  \nOverview of existing obligations  \nGuns and explosives are used to commit a range of human rights violations, from intentional killings to torture, rape, kidnapping and hostage-taking, to name a few. They are also instrumental in creating conditions that lead","cbCaipShf12cF75d","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipShf12cF75d","pdf",344105,25,"English","# Introduction\n## Overview of existing obligations\n## State responsibility for misuse of firearms by private citizens\n## Prohibitions on arms transfers\n## The law of State responsibility\n## Individual criminal responsibility\n## Prosecution and enforcement\n## Emergent international regulations\n## Use of force and firearms by law enforcement agencies\n## Regulating guns in the hands of civilians\n## Transfer controls\n## Transfers to non-State armed groups\n## Regulating arms brokering activity\n## Opportunities for action\n# Annex: Relevant sources of international law","[{\"question\":\"What legal limits do international human rights law, IHL, and the UN Charter impose on small arms use and transfer?\",\"answer\":\"They limit State actions regarding small arms use and transfer and apply in both peacetime and wartime. The limitations aim to prevent threats to human security from law enforcement, the military, or private citizens.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper frame State responsibility regarding misuse by private citizens?\",\"answer\":\"It examines the legal basis for States’ responsibility to prevent small arms misuse, including situations involving misuse by private citizens. It also identifies areas where further codification of these responsibilities may be warranted.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of international regulations and policy areas does the briefing paper highlight for strengthening small arms control?\",\"answer\":\"It covers emergent international regulations and key control areas such as use of force by law-enforcement agencies, regulating civilian gun ownership, transfer controls, transfers to non-State armed groups, and regulating arms brokering activity, alongside opportunities for action.\"}]","International law and small arms and light weapons control: Obligations, challenges and opportunities - Briefing Paper - March 2006 | PDF",1791014787,63]