[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-290949-105":59,"doc-detail-290949-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","international-chronostratigraphic-chart-v-202309","International Chronostratigraphic Chart - v 2023/09","","International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v 2023/09) provides a structured geologic time framework using numerical ages in Ma and named hierarchical units from Eons and Erathem/Eras down to systems, periods, and finer subdivisions. It highlights GSSP and GSSA references for lower boundaries and includes Quaternary to Precambrian ranges with annotated stage, epoch, and formal/informal unit notes. Values and symbols indicate definitions in progress and placeholders, with detailed ratified GSSP information linked to stratigraphy.org.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/international-chronostratigraphic-chart-v-202309/290949/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/international-chronostratigraphic-chart-v-202309/290949.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the chart provide in terms of time measurement?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It provides numerical ages in Ma (millions of years) mapped to stratigraphic units across the geologic time scale.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are GSSP and GSSA in this chart?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"GSSP and GSSA are referenced frameworks for lower boundaries: GSSP for globally defined boundary stratotype section and points, and GSSA for standard stratigraphic ages used for units already defined.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are informal units or unnamed placeholders handled?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Italic fonts indicate informal units and placeholders for unnamed units, while the chart notes that some unit boundaries are still in the process of being defined.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},290949,1789643023,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":81,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART  \n[www.stratigraphy.org](www.stratigraphy.org) International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2023/09  \nGSSP  \nnumerical age (Ma)  \nnumerical age (Ma)  \nnumerical age (Ma)  \nEonothem / Eon Erathem / Era  \nSystem / Period  \nGSSP  \nGSSA  \nnumerical age (Ma)  \n\n| Phanerozoic | Cenozoic | Quaternary | U/L |  Meghalayan  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  | Holocene M L/E |  Northgrippian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  Greenlandian  |\n|  |  |  | U/L M\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Pleistocene L/E | Upper |\n|  |  |  |  | Chibanian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Calabrian \u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Gelasian  |\n|  |  | Neogene | Pliocene\u003Cbr>U/L L/E | Piacenzian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Zanclean  |\n|  |  |  | Miocene\u003Cbr>U/L\u003Cbr>M\u003Cbr>L/E | Messinian  |\n|  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Tortonian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Serravallian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Langhian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Burdigalian |\n|  |  |  |  | Aquitanian  |\n|  |  | Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Rupelian  |\n|  |  |  | Eocene | \u003Cbr>Priabonian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Bartonian |\n|  |  |  |  | Lutetian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Ypresian \u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  | Paleocene | Thanetian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Selandian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Danian\u003Cbr>|\n|  | Mesozoic | Cretaceous | Upper | Maastrichtian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Campanian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Santonian  |\n|  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Coniacian  |\n|  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Turonian  |\n|  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Cenomanian  |\n|  |  |  | Lower | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Albian |\n|  |  |  |  | Aptian |\n|  |  |  |  | Barremian  |\n|  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Hauterivian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Valanginian |\n|  |  |  |  | Berriasian |\n\npresent 0.0042  \n0.0082 0.0117 0.129 0.774 1.80 2.58 3.600 5.333 7.246 11.63 13.82 15.98 20.44 23.03  \n27.82 33.9  \n37.71 41.2  \n47.8  \n56.0  \n59.2  \n61.6  \n66.0  \n72.1 ±0.2  \n83.6 ±0.2 86.3 ±0.5  \n89.8 ±0.3 93.9 100.5  \n~ 113.0  \n~ 121.4  \n125.77  \n~ 132.6  \n~ 139.8  \n~ 145.0  \n\n| Phanerozoic | Mesozoic | Jurassic | Upper |  | Tithonian |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Kimmeridgian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Oxfordian |\n|  |  |  | Middle |  | Callovian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Bathonian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Bajocian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Aalenian  |\n|  |  |  | Lower |  | Toarcian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  |  | Pliensbachian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Sinemurian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Hettangian  |\n|  |  | Triassic | Upper |  | Rhaetian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Norian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Carnian |\n|  |  |  | Middle |  | Ladinian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Anisian |\n|  |  |  | Lower |  | Olenekian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Induan  |\n|  | Paleozoic | Permian | Lopingian |  | Changhsingian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Wuchiapingian |\n|  |  |  | Guadalupian |  | Capitanian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Wordian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Roadian  |\n|  |  |  | Cisuralian |  | Kungurian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Artinskian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  |  | \u003Cbr>Sakmarian  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Asselian  |\n|  |  | Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Upper | Gzhelian |\n|  |  |  |  |  | Kasimovian |\n|  |  |  |  | Middle | Moscovian |\n|  |  |  |  | Lower | \u003Cbr>Bashkirian |\n|  |  |  | Mississippian | Upper | Serpukhovian |\n|  |  |  |  | Middle | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Visean |\n|  |  |  |  | Lower | Tournaisian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n\n~ 145.0  \n149.2 ±0.7  \n154.8 ±0.8  \n161.5 ±1.0  \n165.3 ±1.1  \n168.2 ±1.2  \n170.9 ±0.8  \n174.7 ±0.8  \n184.2 ±0.3  \n192.9 ±0.3  \n199.5 ±0.3  \n201.4 ±0.2 ~ 208.5  \n~ 227  \n~ 237  \n~ 242  \n247.2  \n251.2 251.902 ±0.024  \n254.14 ±0.07  \n259.51 ±0.21  \n264.28 ±0.16  \n266.9 ±0.4  \n273.01 ±0.14  \n283.5 ±0.6  \n290.1 ±0.26  \n293.52 ±0.17  \n298.9 ±0.15  \n303.7 ±0.1  \n307.0 ±0.1  \n315.2 ±0.2  \n323.2 ±0.4  \n330.9 ±0.2  \n346.7 ±0.4  \n358.9 ±0.4  \n\n| Phanerozoic | Paleozoic | Devonian | Upper | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Famennian |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  | Frasnian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  | Middle | Givetian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Eifelian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  | Lower | Emsian\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  |  |  | Pragian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Lochkovian\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n|  |  | Silurian | Pridoli | |\n|  |  |  | Ludlow | Ludfordian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Gorstian  |\n|  |  |  | Wenlock | Homerian  |\n|  |  |  |  | Sheinwoodian  |\n|  |  |  | Llandovery | T","cbCaijM5TfHvuLut","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijM5TfHvuLut","pdf",329370,"English","# GSSP and GSSA framework\n## Numerical age (Ma)\n## Eonothem/Eon-Era/Superior subdivisions\n## Systems and periods (Phanerozoic)\n## Precambrian subdivisions","[{\"question\":\"What does the chart provide in terms of time measurement?\",\"answer\":\"It provides numerical ages in Ma (millions of years) mapped to stratigraphic units across the geologic time scale.\"},{\"question\":\"What are GSSP and GSSA in this chart?\",\"answer\":\"GSSP and GSSA are referenced frameworks for lower boundaries: GSSP for globally defined boundary stratotype section and points, and GSSA for standard stratigraphic ages used for units already defined.\"},{\"question\":\"How are informal units or unnamed placeholders handled?\",\"answer\":\"Italic fonts indicate informal units and placeholders for unnamed units, while the chart notes that some unit boundaries are still in the process of being defined.\"}]","International Chronostratigraphic Chart - v 2023/09 | PDF"]