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Data were collected using the Personal Data Form, the Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity (MSPPA), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Participants reported above-average scores on overall motivation and social support. Motivation was mainly driven by individual wishes and expected enjoyment, and social support most strongly came from family, followed by friends. MSPPA and MSPSS were positively correlated, and elite-level athletes scored significantly higher than amateur-level athletes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/intermediary-role-of-motivation-and-social-support-for-male-athletes-with-physical-disabilities/579293/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/intermediary-role-of-motivation-and-social-support-for-male-athletes-with-physical-disabilities/579293.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study on male athletes with physical disabilities?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the role of motivation and perceived social support in influencing sport participation among male athletes with physical disabilities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which tools were used to collect data in the research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used the Personal Data Form, MSPPA (Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity), and MSPSS (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did elite-level athletes compare with amateur-level athletes in motivation and social support?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Elite-level athletes showed significantly higher levels of motivation and perceived social support than those competing at an amateur level.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},579293,1792425935,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Intermediary Role of Motivation and Social Support for Male Athletes with Physical Disabilities  \nElif TOP1,* & Mustafa AKIL1  \n1Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Usak, Turkey  \nCorresponding author: [elif.top@usak.edu.tr](elif.top@usak.edu.tr)  \nAbstract: To understand the factors that affect sports in physical disabilities, it is prominent to conduct studies, especially on people who are engaged in sports at certain levels. This research was a cross-sectional study aiming at determining motivation and perceived social support on male athletes with physical disabilities. A total of 666 male athletes with physical disabilities aged 20-41 participated in the study. Personal Data Form, Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity (MSPPA) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used as data collection tools in the study. Participants received an above-average score from MSPPA and MSPSS in total and sub-dimensions. Individual reasons (one's own wishes, desires, situations that s/he thinks s/he will enjoy) were the most important in motivation; while in terms of social support the most significant one was family, the second one was friends. There was a positive correlation between MSPPA and MSPSS in total and sub-dimension scores of the participants. In MSPPA and MSPSS, the levels of the individuals with physical disabilities who did sports at elite level were significantly higher than those who did sports at amateur level. Our results revealed that motivation and social support had a very high importance on male athletes with physical disabilities. Our study is also important since it shows that athletes need more social support as they reach elite level and the social support has a positive impact on their motivations.  \nKeywords: Physical disability, motivation, social support, athletes, sport  \n1. Introduction  \nProblems caused by inactivity lead to deaths of more than 5.3 million people a year (Lee et al., 2012; Wilke, Vogel, & Vogt, 2019) . Doing sports regularly is an effective method to reduce diseases and all-cause mortality (Woodcock et al., 2011) . The sportive activity done chronically or acutely has physiological (Akil et al., 2015), physical (Lee, 2015) or psychological benefits. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that all the individuals including people with disabilities should do exercise actively in order to be healthy (WHO, 2018), individuals with disabilities do not spend enough time for sports (Carlon et al., 2013). Reasons for not sparing enough time to sport include environmental factors (Ennis, 2017; Carballo-fazanes et al., 2020), demotivation, lack of confidence, friends and support from family or friends (Kruszyńska & Poczta, 2020) .  \nMotivation is the driving force that enables individuals to take action (Cottingham et al., 2014) . A number of driving forces are needed to be active sportively (Deans et al., 2012) . Motivation factor is required for the long-term continuation of sport (Lawler, Heary, & Nixon, 2017) . Studies have shown that individuals' sport behaviors increase with motivation factor (Reinbooth, Duda, &  \nNtoumanis, 2004; Amorose & Anderson-Butcher, 2007); however, lack of motivation is one of the main reasons for decreased sport (Meenapriya, Gayathri, & Vishnu, 2018) . Motivation depends on various factors. Healthcare professionals, for instance, often try to create health-related motivation to promote sport. In spite of the fact that this situation leads to short-term increases in sport, individual loses his or her motivation and sport may finish in time (Denford et al., 2019) . More than 60% of individuals who start a regular exercise program end their activities within 6 months (Pate et al., 1995) . The main reason why individuals with physical disability end their sports activities early is that they usually aim to increase their physical characteristics in training programs. However, it is necessary to ensure continuou","cbCaitZ4i2X03RhJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitZ4i2X03RhJ","pdf",503720,"English","# Introduction\n## Motivation as a driving force\n## Perceived social support and psychological outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on male athletes with physical disabilities?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the role of motivation and perceived social support in influencing sport participation among male athletes with physical disabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tools were used to collect data in the research?\",\"answer\":\"The study used the Personal Data Form, MSPPA (Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity), and MSPSS (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support).\"},{\"question\":\"How did elite-level athletes compare with amateur-level athletes in motivation and social support?\",\"answer\":\"Elite-level athletes showed significantly higher levels of motivation and perceived social support than those competing at an amateur level.\"}]","Intermediary Role of Motivation and Social Support for Male Athletes with Physical Disabilities | PDF",1792035370,15]