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The system provides user-friendly controls so architects and space planners can work without programming expertise, enables interactive manipulation of key parameters, and presents understandable graphics representing relationships in an abstract mathematical form. It supports configuration changes and “what-if” analyses, while hidden new solution methods generate high-quality results for complex discrete, highly nonlinear mathematical programming problems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/interactive-decision-software-and-computer-graphicsfor-architectural-and-space-planning/657312/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/interactive-decision-software-and-computer-graphicsfor-architectural-and-space-planning/657312.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"bocahgabuttt","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is SPDS and what industries does it support?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"SPDS (spatial programming design system) is a decision support system used in the architecture and space planning industries to help solve layout allocation problems.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What user-facing capabilities does SPDS provide?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"SPDS offers user-friendly features for non-programmers, interactive parameter control, informative graphics of relationships, and tools for changing configurations and running “what-if” analyses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does SPDS improve solution quality for complex design problems?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"SPDS uses new methods, not exposed to the user, that generate high-quality answers to complex discrete, highly nonlinear mathematical programming problems much faster than prior software.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657312,1793069867,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962094248839,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","# INTERACTIVE DECISION SOFTWARE AND COMPUTER GRAPHICSFOR ARCHITECTURAL AND SPACE PLANNING\n\nF.GLOVER and C.McMILLAN  \nGraduate School of Business Administration,University of Colorado,Campus Box 419,Boulder,Colorado 80309,USA  \nand  \nB.NOVICK  \nGSIA,Carnegie-Mellon University,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15213,USA  \n## Abstract\n\nWe describe the development and successful implementation of a decision supportsystem now being used by several leading firms in the architecture and space planningindustries.The system,which we call SPDS(spatial programming design system)hasthe following characteristics:(i)user-friendly convenience features permitting architectsand space planners to operate the system without beingexperienced programmers;(ii)inter-active capabilities allowing the user to control and to manipulate relevant parametersorchestrating conditions to which his or her intuition provides valuable input;(iii)inform-ative and understandable graphics,providing visual displays of interconnections that thecomputer itself treats in a more abstract methematical form;(iv)convenient ways tochange configurations,and to carry out 'what if'analyses calling on the system's decisionsupport capabilities;(v)a collection of new methods,invisible to the user,capable ofgenerating good solutions to the mathematical programming problems that underlie eachmajor design component.These new methods succeed in generating high quality solutionsto a collection of complex discrete,highly nonlinear problems.While these problemscould only be solved in hours,or not at all,with previously existing software,the newmethods obtain answers in seconds to minutes on a minicomputer.Major users,includingDalton,Dalton,Newport,and Marshal Erdwin,report numerous advantages of the systemover traditional architectural design methods.  \n## Keywords and phrases\n\nModeling,micro-computers,integer programming,nonlinear programming,heuristics.  \n### 1.   Introduction\n\nThis paper describes the development and successful implementation of adecision support system being used by several leading firms in the architecture andspace planning industries.The system,which we call SPDS(spatial programmingdesign system)helps to solve architectural and space planning problems that arise inthe allocation of activities and functions in layout plans(i.e.rooms,departments,etc.).SPDS seeks to satisfy as closely as possible desired proximity,adjacency and separationrelationships,providing a tool that usefully augments the design capabilities of anarchitect.  \n### 2.  The problem\n\nPROVIDING AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TOOL  \nIn order to appreciate the motivation for the SPDS system,it is important tounderstand the process used by an architect or space planner to design a building,aset of buildings,or part of an existing building.Over the years architecture,as adiscipline,has grown to see this as the design process,and to recognize certain methodsand certain sequences of methods as preferred over others.  \nFrom the intial site analysis for a building,through what are known as pre-liminary design and design development,to the final drafting of working drawings,the use of the computer is increasingly appropriate.A successful support system mustbe a convenient tool,respectfully enhancing the techniques and thought processesthat have evolved among architects over centuries.  \nSPDS addresses the process defined above as preliminary design.For ourpurposes,preliminary design consists of determining the basic shape and orientationof the building and of allocating space for each room within the overall building lay-out.  \nPrior to preliminary design,the architect must define the constraints and re-quirements that his solution must ultimately satisfy by researching specific needs anddesires of the client.In the design of a medical center,for example,an architecturalteam might meet with members of the hospital planning department to formulatea list of necessary rooms or activity spaces such as operating rooms,nurses quar","cbCaimE0Qmo2P8mF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimE0Qmo2P8mF","pdf",5170484,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords and phrases\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. The problem","[{\"question\":\"What is SPDS and what industries does it support?\",\"answer\":\"SPDS (spatial programming design system) is a decision support system used in the architecture and space planning industries to help solve layout allocation problems.\"},{\"question\":\"What user-facing capabilities does SPDS provide?\",\"answer\":\"SPDS offers user-friendly features for non-programmers, interactive parameter control, informative graphics of relationships, and tools for changing configurations and running “what-if” analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"How does SPDS improve solution quality for complex design problems?\",\"answer\":\"SPDS uses new methods, not exposed to the user, that generate high-quality answers to complex discrete, highly nonlinear mathematical programming problems much faster than prior software.\"}]","INTERACTIVE DECISION SOFTWARE AND COMPUTER GRAPHICSFOR ARCHITECTURAL AND SPACE PLANNING | PDF",1792977307,45]