[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-370244-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-370244-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","interaction-of-gper-1-with-the-endocrine-signaling-axis-in-breast-cancer","Interaction of GPER-1 with the endocrine signaling axis in breast cancer","","GPER-1 (G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1) is presented as a key membrane estrogen receptor in breast cancer development and progression. Beyond its direct role in estrogen signaling, an interaction between GPER-1 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is highlighted, linking hormonal regulation to both organ development and reproductive tissue homeostasis. Evidence indicates GPER-1’s broad signaling versatility and its association, via activation by environmental and synthetic estrogens, with hormone-therapy resistance. The review outlines how these findings support new perspectives and future personalized therapeutic approaches.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/interaction-of-gper-1-with-the-endocrine-signaling-axis-in-breast-cancer/370244/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/interaction-of-gper-1-with-the-endocrine-signaling-axis-in-breast-cancer/370244.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ivy","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is GPER-1 and why is it important in breast cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"GPER-1 is a membrane estrogen receptor implicated in breast cancer development and progression. It influences estrogen signaling directly and through interactions with broader hormonal systems.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does GPER-1 relate to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review explains that interaction between GPER-1 and the HPG axis links hormonal regulation to physiological homeostasis and to mechanisms relevant for cancer pathophysiology.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What role does GPER-1 play in hormone therapy resistance?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Through activation by environmental and synthetic estrogens, GPER-1 is associated with resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer, suggesting a targetable pathway for improved treatments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},370244,1790217867,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 24 January 2025  \nDOI 10.3389/fendo.2025.1494411  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nIgnacio Camacho-Arroyo,  \nNational Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico  \nREVIEWED BY  \nMauricio Rodriguez-Dorantes, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico  \nRoco Garca-Becerra,  \nNational Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nLuis Molina Calistro  \n [luis.molina@uss.cl](luis.molina@uss.cl)[ ](luis.molina@uss.cl)Rodrigo Flavio Torres  \n [rodrigo.torres@uss.cl](rodrigo.torres@uss.cl)  \nRECEIVED 10 September 2024  \nACCEPTED 06 January 2025  \nPUBLISHED 24 January 2025  \nCITATION  \nMolina Calistro L, Arancibia Y, Olivera MA, Domke S and Torres RF (2025) Interaction of GPER-1 with the endocrine signaling axis in breast cancer.  \nFront. Endocrinol. 16:1494411 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1494411  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Molina Calistro, Arancibia, Olivera, Domke and Torres. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the  \nCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) .  \nThe use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nInteraction of GPER-1 with the endocrine signaling axis in breast cancer  \nLuis Molina Calistro 1*, Yennyfer Arancibia 1, Marcela Alejandra Olivera 1, Sigrid Domke 2 and Rodrigo Flavio Torres 1*  \n1 Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti´an, Puerto Montt, Chile, 2 Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la salud, Universidad San Sebasti´an, Puerto Montt, Chile  \nG Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER-1) is a membrane estrogen receptor that has emerged as a key player in breast cancer development and progression. In addition to its direct influence on estrogen signaling, a crucial interaction between GPER-1 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has been evidenced. The novel and complex relationship between GPER-1 and HPG implies a hormonal regulation with important homeostatic effects on general organ development and reproductive tissues, but also on the pathophysiology of cancer, especially breast cancer. Recent research points toa great versatility of GPER-1, interacting with classical estrogen receptors and with signaling pathways related to inflammation. Importantly, through its activation by environmental and synthetic estrogens, GPER-1 is associated with hormone therapy resistance in breast cancer . These findings open new perspectives in the understanding of breast tumor development and raise the possibility of future applications in the design of more personalized and effective therapeutic approaches.  \nKEYWORDS  \nGPER-1, estrogen, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, breast cancer, endocrine resistance, personalized medicine  \n1 Introduction  \nBreast cancer is a malignant disease that originates in the cells of the breast tissue. In this type of cancer, breast cells multiply abnormally and uncontrollably, forming a tumor or mass in the breast. Breast cancer comprises a variety of subtypes, and its aggressiveness and behavior can vary significantly between patients, often posing clinical challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment (1) . Morphologically, the most common type of breast cancer affects the ducts responsible for milk transport (ductal cancer), while the second most frequent form starts in the lobules, i.e. the milk-producing glands (lobular cancer) .  \nFrontiers in Endocrinology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women (2) but can also affect men (3). Conventional biomarkers used to assess the disease include estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), as well as evaluation of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)","cbCaiuXHYp6pfDBp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuXHYp6pfDBp","pdf",1178819,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer background and biomarkers\n# HPG axis and GPER-1 involvement\n## Estradiol receptors and physiological regulation\n## GPER-1 expression in neuroendocrine and reproductive tissues\n# Implications for breast cancer\n## Molecular variability and therapy resistance","[{\"question\":\"What is GPER-1 and why is it important in breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"GPER-1 is a membrane estrogen receptor implicated in breast cancer development and progression. It influences estrogen signaling directly and through interactions with broader hormonal systems.\"},{\"question\":\"How does GPER-1 relate to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that interaction between GPER-1 and the HPG axis links hormonal regulation to physiological homeostasis and to mechanisms relevant for cancer pathophysiology.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does GPER-1 play in hormone therapy resistance?\",\"answer\":\"Through activation by environmental and synthetic estrogens, GPER-1 is associated with resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer, suggesting a targetable pathway for improved treatments.\"}]","Interaction of GPER-1 with the endocrine signaling axis in breast cancer | PDF",1790187598,28]