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Some regions reduce gaps through collaborative cross-district school choice focused on shared resources. In Calderon County, California, districts instead use a noncollaborative, voluntary, colorblind transfer plan with case-by-case administrator review. Interviews indicate that histories of division may worsen stratification. This study highlights fragmentation, community perceptions, and administrative decision-making.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inter-district-school-choice-transfer-policy-and-practice-in-a-fragmented-metropolitan-region/594741/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inter-district-school-choice-transfer-policy-and-practice-in-a-fragmented-metropolitan-region/594741.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study associate with localism in education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study links localism politics to socioeconomic and racial inequalities across fragmented contiguous school districts, shaped by neighborhood segregation and suburban expansion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the described transfer policy in Calderon County differ from collaborative approaches?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Calderon County uses a noncollaborative, voluntary, colorblind inter-district transfer plan where district administrators evaluate requests case-by-case, rather than coordinating across districts to target shared disparities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role do administrators play in inter-district transfers according to the research?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because administrators often interact directly with families, the study finds they wield extraordinary policy and decision-making power that significantly controls inter-district mobility in the region.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594741,1792166164,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","UC Berkeley  \nBerkeley Review of Education  \nTitle  \nInter-District School Choice: Transfer Policy and Practice in a Fragmented Metropolitan Region  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15r116r9](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15r116r9)  \nJournal  \nBerkeley Review of Education, 5(2)  \nISSN  \n1947-5578  \nAuthor  \nGanski, Helen  \nPublication Date  \n2015-01-01  \nSupplemental Material  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15r116r9\\#supplemental](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15r116r9#supplemental)  \nPeer reviewed  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nAvailable online at [http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre](http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre)  \nInter-District School Choice: Transfer Policy and Practice in a Fragmented Metropolitan Region  \nHelen Ganski 1  \nAbstract  \nDetrimental side effects of the politics of localism include socioeconomic and racial inequalities across fragmented contiguous school districts. Inequality follows patterns of neighborhood segregation and suburban expansion. Some regions approach these issues through collaborative models of cross-district school choice that focus shared resources toward reducing disparities. In Calderon County, California2, however, districts have elected to use a noncollaborative, voluntary, and colorblind inter-district transfer plan, in which district administrators evaluate requests on a case-by-case basis. Interviews with these administrators and local citizens reveal a process plagued by a history of racial and socioeconomic division that may be exacerbating stratification. This study demonstrates that administrators, who often interact directly with families, wield extraordinary policy and decision-making power, significantly controlling inter-district mobility in the region. While exploratory in nature, this research reveals meaningful findings on fragmentation, community perceptions, and administrative decision-making within the context of school choice in one Northern California region.  \nKeywords: school choice, open enrollment, inter-district transfers, educational disparity, streetlevel bureaucracy  \nTheories of localism in education evolved out of campaigns to give control of public schools to the local community, which was assumed to best understand the needs of its student population. Although theoretically a sound idea, strict deference to local control has allowed for metropolitan fragmentation, benefitting predominantly White districts atthe cost of low-income, urban, and high-minority school districts (Briffault, 1996; Orfield, 2005) . A“highly fragmented local government system,” according to Goodman (2015), is a system consisting of many local governmental units (p. 3) . The formation of autonomous fragmented districts has allowed for “opportunity hoarding,” or a closed network’s acquisition of resources that are “valuable, renewable, subject to monopoly, supportive of network activities, and enhanced by the network’s modus operandi”(Tilly,  \n1 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Helen Ganski. Email: [helenganski@gmail.com](helenganski@gmail.com).  \n2 All place names, including city names, street names, neighborhood names, and school names, have been changed throughout the study to preserve the anonymity of human subjects.  \nBerkeley Review of Education Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 137–170  \n138 Ganski  \n1998, p. 10) . Fragmentation has led to opportunity hoarding of educational resources in suburban districts, furthering the achievement gap between suburban districts and their neighboring urban counterparts (Rury & Saatcioglu, 2011; Walters, 2007) . In Calderon County, California, the unfortunate side effects of localism are all too clear. Residential borders drawn by local officials divide the area into fragmented contiguous districts, disparate in both wealth and school achievement.  \nAs a solution to such inequalities, some regions have implemented regio","cbCaiqsId581z92q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqsId581z92q","pdf",485622,35,"English","# Abstract\n## Localism, fragmentation, and inequality\n## Collaborative vs noncollaborative transfer models\n## Case-by-case colorblind transfer policy\n## Research questions and administrative power","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study associate with localism in education?\",\"answer\":\"The study links localism politics to socioeconomic and racial inequalities across fragmented contiguous school districts, shaped by neighborhood segregation and suburban expansion.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the described transfer policy in Calderon County differ from collaborative approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Calderon County uses a noncollaborative, voluntary, colorblind inter-district transfer plan where district administrators evaluate requests case-by-case, rather than coordinating across districts to target shared disparities.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do administrators play in inter-district transfers according to the research?\",\"answer\":\"Because administrators often interact directly with families, the study finds they wield extraordinary policy and decision-making power that significantly controls inter-district mobility in the region.\"}]","Inter-District School Choice - Transfer Policy and Practice in a Fragmented Metropolitan Region | PDF",1792079756,88]