[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-125599-en":3,"doc-seo-125599-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":95},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},125599,687197100911,"Himbo","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697",8,"Research & Report","Integrating multiple machine learning methods to construct glutamine metabolism-related signatures in lung adenocarcinoma","Glutamine metabolism plays a critical role in cancer development, yet its specific contribution to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains incompletely understood. This study uses machine learning on glutamine metabolism-related genes to build prognostic models and identify targets for LUAD treatment. AUCell and WGCNA with single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data screen key genes, followed by model development, external validation, and comparison of tumor microenvironment, mutation features, pathways, and immunotherapy response across risk groups. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirm LGALS3’s functional role.","TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 17 May 2023  \nDOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1196372  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY Qun Zhao,  \nFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China  \nREVIEWED BY Zhenyu Wu,  \nFirst People’s Hospital of Foshan, China Yinhui Yao,  \nAffiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, China  \nGuo Liu,  \nShenzhen University, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Haoran Lin  \n [njlinhaoran@163.com](njlinhaoran@163.com)[ ](njlinhaoran@163.com)Mingjun Du  \n [dumingjun1989@163.com](dumingjun1989@163.com)[ ](dumingjun1989@163.com)Jiaheng Xie  \n [xiejiaheng@njmu.edu.cn](xiejiaheng@njmu.edu.cn)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship  \nRECEIVED 29 March 2023  \nACCEPTED 04 May 2023  \nPUBLISHED 17 May 2023  \nCITATION  \nZhang P, Pei S, Wu L, Xia Z, Wang Q, Huang X, Li Z, Xie J, Du M and Lin H (2023)  \nIntegrating multiple machine learning methods to construct glutamine metabolism-related signatures in lung adenocarcinoma.  \nFront. Endocrinol. 14:1196372 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1196372  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Zhang, Pei, Wu, Xia, Wang, Huang, Li, Xie, Du and Lin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the  \nCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nIntegrating multiple machine learning methods to construct glutamine metabolism-related signatures in lung adenocarcinoma  \nPengpeng Zhang 1†, Shengbin Pei 2†, Leilei Wu 3†, Zhijia Xia 4†, Qi Wang 5, Xufeng Huang 6, Zhangzuo Li 7, Jiaheng Xie 8*, Mingjun Du 1* and Haoran Lin 1*  \n1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,  \nNanjing, China, 2 Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 4 Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany, 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 6 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, 7 Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 8 Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China  \nBackground: Glutamine metabolism (GM) is known to play a critical role in cancer development, including in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), although the exact contribution of GM to LUAD remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to discover new targets for the treatment of LUAD patients by using machine learning algorithms to establish prognostic models based on GMrelated genes (GMRGs) .  \nMethods: We used the AUCell and WGCNA algorithms, along with single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data, to identify the most prominent GMRGs associated with LUAD. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to develop risk models with optimal predictive performance. We validated our models using multiple external datasets and investigated disparities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), mutation landscape, enriched pathways, and response to immunotherapy across various risk groups. Additionally, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the role of LGALS3 in LUAD.  \nResults: We identified 173 GMRGs strongly associated with GM activity and selected the Random Survival Forest (RSF) and Supervised Principal Components (SuperPC) methods to develop a prognostic model. Our model ’s performance was validated using multiple external datasets. Our analysis revealed that the low-risk group had hi","cbCaiajvGpwarvhN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiajvGpwarvhN","pdf",29673739,1,18,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Data and feature identification\n## Model construction and validation\n# Results\n## Prognostic signatures and performance\n## Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response\n## Experimental validation of LGALS3\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What biological process and cancer type does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on glutamine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and aims to clarify how glutamine metabolism-related genes contribute to disease progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the prognostic signatures constructed and validated?\",\"answer\":\"The work identifies prominent glutamine metabolism-related genes using AUCell and WGCNA applied to single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data, then builds risk models using multiple machine learning methods. Model performance is validated on multiple external datasets.\"},{\"question\":\"What immune-related findings were observed across risk groups?\",\"answer\":\"The low-risk group showed higher immune cell infiltration and increased expression of immune checkpoints, suggesting greater receptiveness to immunotherapy.\"},{\"question\":\"What experimental evidence supports LGALS3 as a therapeutic target?\",\"answer\":\"In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that LGALS3 promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells, supporting its potential therapeutic relevance.\"}]","Integrating multiple machine learning methods to construct glutamine metabolism-related signatures in lung adenocarcinoma | PDF",1785900150,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":90,"head_meta":92,"extra_data":94,"updated_unix":28},"integrating-multiple-machine-learning-methods-to-construct-glutamine-metabolism-related-signatures-in-lung-adenocarcinoma","",{"@graph":36,"@context":89},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/integrating-multiple-machine-learning-methods-to-construct-glutamine-metabolism-related-signatures-in-lung-adenocarcinoma/125599/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81,85],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What biological process and cancer type does the study focus on?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The study focuses on glutamine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and aims to clarify how glutamine metabolism-related genes contribute to disease progression.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How were the prognostic signatures constructed and validated?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The work identifies prominent glutamine metabolism-related genes using AUCell and WGCNA applied to single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data, then builds risk models using multiple machine learning methods. Model performance is validated on multiple external datasets.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What immune-related findings were observed across risk groups?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The low-risk group showed higher immune cell infiltration and increased expression of immune checkpoints, suggesting greater receptiveness to immunotherapy.",{"name":86,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":87},"What experimental evidence supports LGALS3 as a therapeutic target?",{"text":88,"@type":76},"In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that LGALS3 promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells, supporting its potential therapeutic relevance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":91,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":93,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":96},[97,101,105,109,114,119,124,127,132,135,139],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},30,"research-report",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":131},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":134},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":138},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":140,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":141,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":142},19,"General","general"]