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Among these methods, sketching serves multiple functions and is widely recognized as a key tool for fostering creativity, particularly in the early stages of the design process. This study examines various sketching taxonomies and models that explain design and creative processes, establishing a theoretical foundation for the research. Based on this framework, a novel graphic ideation model is proposed to integrate the creative process into the design workflow through the strategic use of sketches. The model identifies different types of sketches and correlates them with specific stages of the design process, highlighting their potential to enhance creativity and originality. A case study involving the design of a desk was conducted to assess whether the model improves creativity in the design outcome. This case study was compared with two others where the model was not applied. The evaluation of creativity, measured through novelty and usefulness, showed that the case using the graphic ideation model resulted in higher levels of creativity. However, the results should be interpreted carefully, as they are limited by the scope of the study and the specific conditions under which it was conducted.  \nKeywords: Industrial Design, Creativity, Creative Process, Innovation, Design Process, Sketching, Graphic Ideation, Visual Communication  \nIntroduction  \nThe inherent complexity of industrial design processes makes achieving innovation a primary challenge. Effective implementation of the creative process is fundamental to generating highly original solutions. Traditional product design stages like problem analysis, functionality, conceptualization, detailing, validation, and manufacturing encompass both convergent and divergent thinking (Cross 2001). As Bono suggests, divergent thinking (also known as lateral thinking) promotes exploring non-traditional approaches to idea organization (De Bono 1973). By encouraging diverse perspectives and breaking away from linear thinking, it sparks creativity and promotes novel solutions. While divergent thinking plays a dominant role in the initial stages, convergent thinking takes center stage later when precision in detailed design becomes paramount (Hua, Han, et al. 2018). Although creativity weaves itself throughout all stages, thereis a general agreement on its amplified importance in the early phases ofthe process.  \nDownloaded on Thu Oct 16 2025 at 11:16:23 UTC  \nTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DESIGNED OBJECTS  \nWithin graphic representation and visual communication, sketching plays a necessary role in early project stages, particularly conceptual design (Kavakli et al. 1998; Purcell and Gero 1998; Schütze et al. 2003; Ponn et al. 2004; Urban 2011; Camba et al. 2018) . Its key strength lies in the rapid generation of a large number and variety of ideas, which contribute significantly to creative design processes (Camba et al. 2018; Acuna and Sosa 2011) . Researchers highlight the “reflective conversation” facilitated by sketching, acting as an amplifier for design thinking (Cross 2006) . Additionally, sketching enables the“externalization” of ideas, allowing creators to manipulate thoughts through adding, removing, or overlapping visual ","cbCailjptt7O3GWP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailjptt7O3GWP","pdf",887282,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Sketching in early design and creative thinking\n## Purpose and approach of the graphic ideation model\n## Article structure","[{\"question\":\"What role does sketching play in industrial design according to the study?\",\"answer\":\"Sketching is presented as a key tool for communicating design ideas, supporting early conceptual design, and fostering creativity through iterative ideation and externalization.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the proposed graphic ideation model do?\",\"answer\":\"The model integrates sketching into the design workflow by identifying types of sketches and correlating them with specific stages of the design process to enhance creativity and originality.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the model evaluated and what were the results?\",\"answer\":\"The model was applied to a desk design case study and compared with two cases without it. Creativity was assessed using novelty and usefulness, and the case using the model showed higher creativity levels, with results limited by the study’s scope and conditions.\"}]","Integrated Creative Design Process - The Role of Sketching in Industrial Design | PDF",53]