[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331871-105":59,"doc-detail-331871-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","insulin-resistance-the-increased-risk-of-cancers-review","Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers - Review","","Insulin resistance, also described as impaired insulin sensitivity, reflects reduced responsiveness of insulin signaling to blood glucose. It emerges when muscle, adipose, and liver cells fail to respond appropriately to insulin concentration, often leading to hyperinsulinemia. Evidence from cancer patients links hyperinsulinemia with metabolic impairments seen in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and connects these conditions to higher risk of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Metabolic disorder status also associates with poorer treatment outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/insulin-resistance-the-increased-risk-of-cancers-review/331871/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/insulin-resistance-the-increased-risk-of-cancers-review/331871.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does insulin resistance relate to hyperinsulinemia in the document?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Insulin resistance is defined as decreased cellular response to insulin, so maintaining normal glucose levels requires more insulin. This state progresses into hyperinsulinemia.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What cancers risk links are reported with obesity and type 2 diabetes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The document reports that obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. It also notes that overweight-related cancers can worsen prognosis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Do the document describe different mechanisms or effects from obesity and diabetes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Yes. It states that obesity and diabetes contribute independently and additively to cancer risk, arising from different mechanisms. It also discusses how antidiabetic medications may alter cancer risk differently.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},331871,1790099224,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":41,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Review  \nInsulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers  \nLeszek Szablewski  \nCitation: Szablewski, L. Insulin  \nResistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 998–1027. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)curroncol31020075  \nReceived: 24 November 2023  \nRevised: 15 January 2024  \nAccepted: 10 February 2024  \nPublished: 13 February 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nChair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubi ´nskiego 5 Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; [leszek.szablewski@wum.edu.pl](leszek.szablewski@wum.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-22-621-26-07  \nAbstract: Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction of insulin signaling to blood glucose levels. This state is observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver cells, improperly respond to a particular concentration of insulin. Insulin resistance and related increased plasma insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations of cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia is a major factor influencing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Obesity and diabetes have been reported as risks of the initiation, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. However, both of the aforementioned pathologies may independently and additionally increase the cancer risk. The state of metabolic disorders observed in cancer patients is associated with poor outcomes of cancer treatment. For example, patients suffering from metabolic disorders have higher cancer recurrence rates and their overall survival is reduced. In these associations between insulin resistance and cancer risk, an overview of the various pathogenic mechanisms that play a role in the development of cancer is discussed.  \nKeywords: insulin; insulin-like growth factors; insulin cellular signaling; insulin resistance; cancers  \n1. Introduction  \nIn general, insulin resistance (IR) is defined as a decreased response of cells to insulin. IR is observed when a decrease in prolonged elevated blood glucose levels to a particular concentration of insulin is disturbed. In the state of IR, the lowering of plasma glucose to physiological levels requires more insulin. This condition, called hyperinsulinemia, begins with the development of IR and can be identified in cancer patients because insulin plays the role of an oncogenic factor [1,2] .  \nRecent observations show that IR is a factor in increased obesity-related cancer mortality. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that being overweight generally and obese specifically are associated with increased risks of 13 cancers [3,4] . The relationship between elevated body mass index (BMI) and the increased risk of cancer was confirmed in several epidemiological studies [5–8] . In most of the overweight-or obesity-related cancers, being overweight also worsens the prognosis [4] . Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has also been reported as a risk factor for cancer. It is estimated that both obesity and diabetes are involved in 4.5% of all cancer cases [9] .  \nOn the other hand, both of the above-mentioned pathologies may contribute independently and additively to risks in the development and progression of cancer. There are connections between both pathologies and cancer, but they result from different mechanisms. In this respect, it is important to note that up to 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer had T2DM when the canc","cbCaiv7m3QnutAfT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv7m3QnutAfT","pdf",812084,"English","# Introduction\n# Roles of Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factors","[{\"question\":\"How does insulin resistance relate to hyperinsulinemia in the document?\",\"answer\":\"Insulin resistance is defined as decreased cellular response to insulin, so maintaining normal glucose levels requires more insulin. This state progresses into hyperinsulinemia.\"},{\"question\":\"What cancers risk links are reported with obesity and type 2 diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"The document reports that obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. It also notes that overweight-related cancers can worsen prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the document describe different mechanisms or effects from obesity and diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. It states that obesity and diabetes contribute independently and additively to cancer risk, arising from different mechanisms. It also discusses how antidiabetic medications may alter cancer risk differently.\"}]","Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers - Review | PDF",1789995562,76]