[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-433674-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-433674-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","insulin-initiation-for-patients-with-poorly-controlled-type-2-diabetes-mellitus","Insulin initiation for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus","","Examines how initiating insulin therapy affects glycemic outcomes in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uses retrospective clinic data collected before insulin initiation and at 3 and 6 months to quantify changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. Primary outcome is HbA1c at 6 months; secondary outcomes include HbA1c at 3 months and glucose at 3 and 6 months, with patients categorized by 6-month HbA1c response and HbA1c change magnitude.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/insulin-initiation-for-patients-with-poorly-controlled-type-2-diabetes-mellitus/433674/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/insulin-initiation-for-patients-with-poorly-controlled-type-2-diabetes-mellitus/433674.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the primary outcome for insulin initiation in this study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The primary outcome was the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level at 6 months after starting insulin therapy.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were secondary outcomes measured over time?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Secondary outcomes included HbA1c at 3 months and fasting blood glucose levels at 3 and 6 months after insulin treatment.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which patients tended to respond better to insulin therapy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Patients with higher baseline glycemic profiles showed significantly greater HbA1c reductions at 6 months, and better responders had lower fasting blood glucose by 6 months and lower HbA1c as early as 3 months.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},433674,1790921179,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","J Chin MedAssoc  \nOriginal article  \nInsulin initiation for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus  \nHsin-An Chena, Chia-Hung Linb,c,*, Feng-Hsuan Liub,c  \naDepartment of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; bDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; cCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract  \nBackground: We examined the initiation of insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), analyzed their glycemic responses, and compared patient profiles based on glycemic outcomes.  \nMethods: Patients with T2DM initiated on insulin therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected from endocrinology clinic before and 3 and 6 months after insulin initiation. The primary outcome was hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level 6 months after commencing insulin treatment. Secondary outcomes included HbA1c levels at 3 months after insulin treatment and fasting blood glucose levels at 3 and 6 months after treatment. We analyzed the effects of insulin initiation and categorized patients based on their 6-month HbA1c levels: below the median of 7.8%(better response) and above 7.8%(worse response) . Additionally, we evaluated patients based on HbA1c changes at 6 months, with greater or lesser changes defined by the cohort’s median change of −1 .4% .  \nResults: Insulin therapy significantly reduced HbA1c (from 9 .8% to 8 .2%) and fasting blood glucose levels (from 221.4 to 147.2 mg/ dL) within 3 months. After 6 months, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels decreased by 2. 1%(9 .8%-7 .7%) and 77.2 mg/dL (221 .4-144.2 mg/dL), respectively. Patients who responded better to insulin treatment showed lower fasting blood glucose levels by 6 months after insulin initiation and lower HbA1c levels as soon as 3 months after initiation. Patients with higher baseline glycemic profiles experienced significantly greater HbA1c reductions at 6 months post-treatment.  \nConclusion: Insulin therapy significantly improved glycemic control in patients with T2DM within 3 months after initiation. Patients with higher baseline glycemic profiles experienced greater responses to insulin therapy.  \nKeywords: Insulin naive; Insulin therapy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising and posing a global health challenge. Diabetes mellitus is linked to metabolic disorders that elevate cardiovascular risk.1 Diabetes management requires an individualized approach and ongoing monitoring, incorporating dietary modifications, physical activity, and medications. Most patients need both lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapy and treatment plans evolve as the disease progresses.  \nInsulin therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management due to its effectiveness in lowering glucose levels and reducing the risk of complications.2 Insulin regimens are highly personalized, varying between patients and healthcare providers. However, data comparing different insulin regimens are limited. Additionally, some studies suggest that there are no significant  \n*Address correspondence. Dr. Chia-Hung Lin, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fusing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: adronlin@ [cgmh.org.tw](cgmh.org.tw) (C.-H. Lin).  \nConflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2025): 410-414.  \nReceived September 26, 2024; accepted March 6, 2025. doi: 10. 1097/JCMA.0000000000001232  \nCopyright © 2025, the Chinese Medical Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http:/","cbCainCSsfRqnlVP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainCSsfRqnlVP","pdf",380686,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study population\n## Data analysis","[{\"question\":\"What was the primary outcome for insulin initiation in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The primary outcome was the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level at 6 months after starting insulin therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"How were secondary outcomes measured over time?\",\"answer\":\"Secondary outcomes included HbA1c at 3 months and fasting blood glucose levels at 3 and 6 months after insulin treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"Which patients tended to respond better to insulin therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Patients with higher baseline glycemic profiles showed significantly greater HbA1c reductions at 6 months, and better responders had lower fasting blood glucose by 6 months and lower HbA1c as early as 3 months.\"}]","Insulin initiation for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus | PDF",1790665055,13]