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This study develops and obtains expert validation for an instrument to assess teaching aids for SVI, emphasizing tactile technology through 3D printing as a key component. Using Design and Development Research (DDR), three experts validate content items in four sections: language, curriculum, pedagogy, and design (design, color coding, audio, Braille writing). Content Validity Index (CVI) analysis reports a satisfactory validity value with CVI=1.00, supporting suitability for evaluating tactile and audio teaching aids for SVI.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Aids for Visually Impaired Students  \nPembangunan Instrumen Alat Bantu Mengajar Berasaskan Teknologi Taktil untuk Murid Berkeperluan Khas Ketidakupayaan Penglihatan (MBK-KKP)  \nAwangku Zaini Awang Zainala, Azizul Qayyum Basria*, Kway Eng Hockb, Abdul Muqsith Ahmada, Nelfiyantic, Mohd Yusrizal Mohd Yusoofd  \naJabatan Teknologi Kejuruteraan, Fakulti Teknikal Dan Vokasional, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900 Tanjong Malim,Perak, Malaysia bJabatan Pendidikan Khas, Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900 Tanjong Malim,Perak, Malaysia  \ncJabatan Kejuruteraan Perindustrian, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Muhammadiyah Jakarta, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jl. Cempaka Putih Tengah 27, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10510, Indonesia  \ndFakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Automotif, University of Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia  \n*Corresponding author: [qayyumb@ftv.upsi.edu. my](qayyumb@ftv.upsi.edu. my)  \nArticle history: Received: 24 July 2025 Received in revised form: 18 December 2025 Accepted: 22 December 2025 Published online: : 31 December 2025  \nAbstract  \nStudents with visual impairment (SVI) are among the minority groups in society who greatly require specialized assistive technologies to receive information from their surroundings. Therefore, the approach often used in schools is to develop teaching aids with specific features that can help them access information. Therefore, this study focuses on obtaining expert validation for the development of a specific instrument that addresses the needs of SVI in the creation of ABM—particularly in the use of 3D printing (3DP) technology as a component of tactile technology. In this study, the research approach used is Design and Development Research (DDR) . The expert validation represents the initial phase of the second stage (design and development) to obtain consensus from experts in establishing content items that can measure the needs of these students. A total of three (3) experts were involved in this study. The developed instrument is a questionnaire consisting of four (4) main sections: language, curriculum, pedagogy, and design (design, color coding, audio, Braille writing) . The content validity analysis was conducted using the Content Validity Index (CVI) method. The findings indicate that the developed instrument has a satisfactory validity value with a CVI score of 1.00—demonstrating that the items developed are accurate in evaluating teaching aids specifically for SVI. Therefore, the developed instrument is deemed suitable for assessing teaching aids that utilize tactile and audio technology specifically for SVI use.  \nKeywords: special education, students with visual impairment (SVI), 3D printing technology (3DP), design and technology (RBT), teaching aids  \nAbstrak  \nMurid berkeperluan khas kategori ketidakupayaan penglihatan (MBK-KKP) merupakan antara golongan minoriti di dalam masyarakat yang sangat memerlukan teknologi bantuan khusus untuk menerima informasi daripada persekitaran. Oleh itu, pendekatan yang sering digunakan di sekolah adalah dengan membangunkan alat bantu mengajar (ABM) dengan ciri khusus yang dapat membantu mereka menerima maklumat. Atas dasar ini, kajian ini memfokuskandalam mendapatkan kesahan daripadapakar terhadappembangunan instrumen khusus yang melihatkepada keperluan MBK-KKP dalampembangunan ABM– khususnya dalam penggunaan teknologi pencetakan 3D (3DP) sebagai salah satu pecahan teknologi taktil. Dalam kajian ini, pendekatan kajian yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (DDR). Namun begitu, kesahan pakar ini merupakan awal bagi fasa kedua (reka bentuk dan pembangunan) untuk mendapat kesepakatan daripada pihak pakar dalam mewujudkan kandungan item yang dapat mengukur keperluan murid. Seramai tiga (3) orang pakar terl","cbCaieSAdEUIkMvk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieSAdEUIkMvk","pdf",502981,"English","# 1.0 PENGENALAN\n## Dunia digital dan pendidikan abad ke-21\n## Dasar sifar penolakan dan peningkatan murid berkeperluan khas (MBK)","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the study on teaching aids for visually impaired students?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on developing an instrument and obtaining expert validation to assess teaching aids for students with visual impairment, particularly using 3D printing as a tactile technology component.\"},{\"question\":\"What research approach and validation method are used?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Design and Development Research (DDR) and evaluates content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI) method.\"},{\"question\":\"How many experts were involved, and what did the CVI result indicate?\",\"answer\":\"Three experts were involved, and the developed instrument achieved a CVI score of 1.00, indicating satisfactory validity for evaluating the relevant teaching aids.\"}]","Instrument Development for Tactile Technology-Based Teaching Aids for Visually Impaired Students - Pembangunan Instrumen Alat Bantu Mengajar Berasaskan Teknologi Taktil untuk Murid Berkeperluan Khas Ketidakupayaan Penglihatan (MBK-KKP) | PDF",1789921917,18]