[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-594010-105":59,"doc-detail-594010-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","instructional-leadership-practices-teachers-perceptions-of-a-rural-school-principal-in-fiji-abstract","Instructional Leadership Practices: Teachers Perceptions of a Rural School Principal in Fiji - Abstract","","The study examines the extent to which teachers perceive their rural secondary school principal in Fiji as effectively enacting an instructional leadership role. Data were collected from 24 teachers using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) with both Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Results show highest ratings for communicating school goals and protecting instructional time, while supervision and evaluation were rated lowest. Limited preparation for instructional leadership and the principal’s dual role may explain the limited attention to instructional leadership.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/instructional-leadership-practices-teachers-perceptions-of-a-rural-school-principal-in-fiji-abstract/594010/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/instructional-leadership-practices-teachers-perceptions-of-a-rural-school-principal-in-fiji-abstract/594010.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Franzy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the extent to which teachers perceive their principal as effectively exhibiting an instructional leadership role.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected and from whom?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data came from 24 teachers in a rural secondary school in Fiji using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), including Likert items and open-ended questions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which aspects of instructional leadership were rated highest and lowest?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Teachers rated the principal highest for communicating school goals to students and protecting instructional time; supervision and evaluation of instruction received the lowest ratings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594010,1792161127,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478945519,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Australian Journal of Teacher Education  \n\n| Volume 46  Issue 6 | Article 2 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2021\u003Cbr>Instructional Leadership Practices: Teachers Rural School Principal in Fiji\u003Cbr>Govinda I. Lingam\u003Cbr>The University of the South Pacific\u003Cbr>Narsamma Lingam\u003Cbr>The University of the South Pacific\u003Cbr>Sunil K. Singh\u003Cbr>The University of the South Pacific\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte](https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte)\u003Cbr> Part of the Educational Leadership Commons | Perceptions of a |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nLingam, G. I., Lingam, N., & Singh, S. K. (2021) . Instructional Leadership Practices: Teachers Perceptions of a Rural School Principal in Fiji. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 46(6) .  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2021v46n6.2](http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2021v46n6.2)  \n[This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.](This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.)[ ](This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.)[https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol46/iss6/2](https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol46/iss6/2)  \nInstructional Leadership Practices: Teachers’ Perceptions of a Rural School  \nPrincipal in Fiji  \nGovinda Ishwar Lingam *  \nNarsamma Lingam  \nSunil Kumar Singh  \nThe University of the South Pacific-Fiji  \nAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to  \nwhich teachers perceive their principal to be effectively exhibiting an  \ninstructional leadership role. Data for the study were collected from  \nteachers (N=24) in a rural secondary school in Fiji using the  \nPrincipal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) developed  \nand advocated by Hallinger (1990). In addition to Likert scale items,  \nthe questionnaire included open-ended questions to gain deeper  \ninsights into teachers ’ ratings of each item. Analyses of the data  \nrevealed that ratings for the principal were the highest for  \ncommunicating school goals to students and protecting instructional  \ntime while supervision and evaluation ofinstruction were the lowest  \nrated items. The lack ofprofessional preparation for an instructional  \nleadership role and the dual role of the rural principal as school  \nleader and teacher, which appears to compromise both roles, may  \ntogether explain the scant attention paid to the instructional  \nleadership role. These findings have implications for principals ’workload and in turn instructional leadership practices, which the Fiji Ministry of Education could re-visit to avoid compromising either the  \nleadership or teaching role.  \nKey Terms: instructional leadership, rural education, Fiji, leadership role, student achievement, dual role  \nIntroduction  \nIn recent years, school leaders have been pressured to improve schools to achieve better learning outcomes for their students. To this end, the catalyst is the quality of principal’s instructional leadership role in schools, which is crucial for any significant difference in shaping teachers’ instructional practices and children’s academic success (Bush, 2011; Hayes & Irby, 2020; Leithwood et al., 2004; Robinson et al., 2008) . As such, principals need relevant skills and knowledge for their role in instructional leadership, without which school success cannot be guaranteed. High-performing principals especially in the area of instruction are the key players in improving student performance. With numerous educational reforms occurring in many jurisdictions, including Fiji, principals need ongoing capacity-building and guidance to further  \nimprove their instructional leadership practices in order to maximise children’s learning outcomes (Leithwood et al., 2006 ; Lingam & Lingam, 2014; Lingam et al., 2017) . It is crucial for school principals to be well equipped with 21st century leadership skills and knowledge in order to keep pace with the ever-changing work demands; otherwise educational organisations will fall far short of achieving their vision and mission (Cardno & House, 2005; Hayes &02 Irby, 20).","cbCaiaRblbCgnQz2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaRblbCgnQz2","pdf",262782,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Purpose and context\n# Leads from the Literature","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the extent to which teachers perceive their principal as effectively exhibiting an instructional leadership role.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected and from whom?\",\"answer\":\"Data came from 24 teachers in a rural secondary school in Fiji using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), including Likert items and open-ended questions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which aspects of instructional leadership were rated highest and lowest?\",\"answer\":\"Teachers rated the principal highest for communicating school goals to students and protecting instructional time; supervision and evaluation of instruction received the lowest ratings.\"}]","Instructional Leadership Practices: Teachers Perceptions of a Rural School Principal in Fiji - Abstract | PDF",1792078365,43]