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Using a qualitative design with 35 semi-structured interviews across corporations, regulators, NGOs, industry associations, consultants, and academics, thematic analysis identifies patterns of institutionalisation. Results show ALPHA’s institutional entrepreneurship, boundary work, and normative framing accelerated early adoption, aligning sustainability reporting with societal norms and embedding transparency into governance. Findings are Indonesia-specific.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/institutional-work-in-making-sustainability-reporting-mandatory-in-indonesia-through-sustainable-finance/609216/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/institutional-work-in-making-sustainability-reporting-mandatory-in-indonesia-through-sustainable-finance/609216.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Damian","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates the institutional work that led to mandatory sustainability reporting in Indonesia, focusing on ALPHA’s role in introducing GRI-based standards and influencing regulatory evolution under POJK 51/2017.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It used a qualitative approach with 35 semi-structured interviews involving corporations, regulators, NGOs, industry associations, consultants, and academics, followed by thematic analysis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the study find about ALPHA’s influence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"ALPHA’s institutional entrepreneurship, boundary work, and normative framing spurred early sustainability reporting adoption, framing reporting as a societal norm and supporting regulatory acceptance while embedding transparency in corporate governance.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What practical implications are suggested for policymakers and corporations?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Policymakers can strengthen regulatory frameworks by aligning requirements with cultural values, while corporations can treat sustainability practices as strategic assets for legitimacy and reputation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},609216,1792789582,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at:  \n[https://www.emerald.com/insight/2042-1168.htm](https://www.emerald.com/insight/2042-1168.htm)  \nInstitutional work in making sustainability reporting mandatory in Indonesia through sustainable finance  \nPutu Agus Ardiana  \nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty ofEconomics and Business, Udayana University,  \nDenpasar, Indonesia  \nNi Nyoman Ayu Diantini and I Made Surya Negara Sudirman  \nDepartment of Management, Faculty ofEconomics and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia, and  \nI Putu Gede Sudana, Ni Putu Achintya Wibawa Putri and Kadek Dwi Linda Yanthi  \nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty ofEconomics and Business, Udayana University,  \nDenpasar, Indonesia  \nAbstract  \nPurpose–This study examines the institutional work that led to mandatory sustainability reporting in Indonesia, focusing on ALPHA’s role in introducing GRI-based standards and influencing regulatory evolution under POJK 51/2017 .  \nDesign/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach involving 35 semi-structured interviews with corporations, regulators, NGOs, industry associations, consultants and academics was employed. Thematic analysis uncovered key patterns in the institutionalisation process.  \nFindings – ALPHA’s institutional entrepreneurship, boundary work and normative framing spurred early sustainability reporting adoption. Cultural alignment framed reporting as a societal norm, facilitating regulatory acceptance and embedding transparency as a cornerstone of corporate governance under POJK 51/2017 . Research limitations/implications – Findings are specific to Indonesia. Future research could explore comparative contexts or investigate how voluntary initiatives evolve into regulatory frameworks in other emerging markets.  \nPractical implications – Policymakers can enhance regulatory frameworks by aligning them with cultural values, while corporations may view sustainability practices as strategic assets for legitimacy and reputation. Social implications – Aligning sustainability reporting with cultural values fosters corporate transparency and builds public trust.  \nOriginality/value – This study contributes to the institutional work framework by demonstrating how cultural alignment and agency facilitate the institutionalisation of sustainability reporting in an emerging market. Keywords Institutional work, Institutional entrepreneurship, Mandatory sustainability reporting,  \nPOJK 51/2017, Sustainable finance, Cultural values Paper type Research paper  \n1. Introduction  \nIn recent decades, corporate sustainability reporting has gained increasing global importance as businesses face mounting pressure from stakeholders to address environmental, social and governance (ESG) challenges (Mgbame et al., 2020) . Environmental and social challenges include climate change, resource scarcity and social inequality, while corporate governance issues encompass transparency, ethical business practices and executive accountability (Tilba, 2022) . This growing pressure has prompted many countries to transition sustainability  \nThis work was supported by Udayana University Research Grant DIPA PNBP No. B/1.191/UN14.4.A/ PT.01.03/2023 .  \nJournal of Accounting in Emerging Economies  \n645  \nReceived 29 February 2024 Revised 30 October 2024  \n16 January 2025 Accepted 13 February 2025  \nJournal of Accounting in Emerging Economies  \nVol. 15 No. 3, 2025 pp. 645-669  \n© Emerald Publishing Limited e-ISSN: 2042-1176  \np-ISSN: 2042-1168 DOI 10.1108/JAEE-02-2024-0088  \nJAEE reporting from a voluntary initiative to a regulatory requirement. The transition signals a  \n15,3 critical transformation in how companies are expected to communicate their impact on society and the environment (Doni etal., 2020). A recent survey by KPMG (2024) highlights that over 70% of the world’s largest companies are now subject to some form of mandatory sustainability reporting, emphasising the global shi","cbCais0cpsVgTejY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais0cpsVgTejY","pdf",294593,25,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Research aim and question\n## Indonesia’s regulatory milestone: POJK 51/2017\n## Role of ALPHA in institutionalising sustainability reporting","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates the institutional work that led to mandatory sustainability reporting in Indonesia, focusing on ALPHA’s role in introducing GRI-based standards and influencing regulatory evolution under POJK 51/2017.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted?\",\"answer\":\"It used a qualitative approach with 35 semi-structured interviews involving corporations, regulators, NGOs, industry associations, consultants, and academics, followed by thematic analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study find about ALPHA’s influence?\",\"answer\":\"ALPHA’s institutional entrepreneurship, boundary work, and normative framing spurred early sustainability reporting adoption, framing reporting as a societal norm and supporting regulatory acceptance while embedding transparency in corporate governance.\"},{\"question\":\"What practical implications are suggested for policymakers and corporations?\",\"answer\":\"Policymakers can strengthen regulatory frameworks by aligning requirements with cultural values, while corporations can treat sustainability practices as strategic assets for legitimacy and reputation.\"}]","Institutional work in making sustainability reporting mandatory in Indonesia through sustainable finance | PDF",1792358020,63]