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Conducted in Duhok Province and Zakho Independent Administration from April 20 to June 15, 2024, the study enrolled 784 participants via face-to-face interviews using a 26-item questionnaire. Results show high recognition of major CVD risks yet limited exercise and fast-food intake, with KAP scores higher among specific subgroups. Findings indicate a gap between knowledge and practice and support targeted behavioral interventions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/insights-into-cardiovascular-health-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-in-the-kurdistan-region-of-iraq/444074/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/insights-into-cardiovascular-health-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-in-the-kurdistan-region-of-iraq/444074.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CVD risk factors among the Iraqi Kurdistan population to identify gaps and guide public health strategies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted and how many participants were included?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The population-based study was conducted in Duhok Province and Zakho Independent Administration from April 20, 2024 to June 15, 2024, with 784 participants enrolled through face-to-face interviews.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key gap did the study find between knowledge and practice?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Awareness of CVD risk factors was high, but many participants—especially younger adults and those with lower education—did not adopt healthy practices, such as regular exercise and healthier eating habits.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},444074,1790777457,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Public Health in Practice 11 (2026) 100686  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nPublic Health in Practice  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health-in-practice)[ www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health-in-practice](homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health-in-practice)  \n| Insights into cardiovascular health: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the Kurdistan region of Iraq\u003Cbr>Ahmed A. Mosaa,* , Avan Saadi Saleha, Osama Abdullah M. Taherb,\u003Cbr>Yousif Hameed Ramadhana, Kani Fareeq Farooq c, Hajar Hassan Abdulqadir a, Jodi Ramadhan Haji c , Rojeen Chalabi Khalida, Abdulrahman Ardalan Mahdia, Rojeen Abdullah Hasso a, Zainab Muhsin Hussein a, Banaz Ameen Mosad, Ogen Ashur Yohanna a , Arblina Adeeb Yousife,\u003Cbr>Ava Anwar M. Maasumc, Salmas S. Ahmed a, Ibrahim A. Naqidf, Ameen M. Mohammad g\u003Cbr>a Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq\u003Cbr>b Azadi Cardiac Center, Azadi Teaching Hospital, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq c College of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq d Independent Researcher, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq\u003Cbr>e College of Medicine, of, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Kurdistan Region, Iraq\u003Cbr>f Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq g Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords: Cardiovascular disease Risk factors Knowledge\u003Cbr>Attitude\u003Cbr>Practice |  | Objectives: This study aimed to explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors among the Iraqi Kurdistan population to identify gaps and guide public health strategies for better cardiovascular health outcomes.\u003Cbr>Study design: A population-based study.\u003Cbr>Methods: This population-based study was conducted in Duhok Province and the Zakho Independent Administration within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from April 20, 2024, to June 15, 2024. A total of 784 participants were enrolled in the study. Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews in various public settings using a questionnaire comprising 26 items divided into four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices.\u003Cbr>Results: The mean age of the study participants was 32.48 ± 13.63 years. Females made up (54 %) of the sample, and more than half had university or postgraduate education. While a majority recognized smoking (92.1 %), hypertension (81.5 %), and high cholesterol (86.2 %) as significant CVD risk factors,(31.7 %) were unaware that diabetes increases CVD risk. Despite high awareness, only (29.7 %) regularly exercised, and (34.6 %) consumed fast food regularly. The mean KAP score was 20.66 ± 2.63 out of 25, which manifests that participant had good KAP scores toward cardiovascular disease risk factors. The KAP scores were significantly higher among females, married individuals, healthcare workers, non-smokers, those with a family history of CVD, and individuals who obtained their knowledge from physicians.\u003Cbr>Conclusions: This study reveals a gap between knowledge and practice regarding CVD risk factors in the Kurdistan Region. Awareness is high, but many, especially younger adults and those with lower education, fail to adopt healthy practices. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote behavioral changes. |\n\n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail address: [ehmad.a.mosa@gmail.com](ehmad.a.mosa@gmail.com) (A.A. Mosa).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100686](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100686)  \nReceived 14 February 2025; Received in revised form 21 October 2025; Accepted 8 December 2025  \nAvailable online 11 December 2025  \n2666-5352/© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on ","cbCaieSiyXWtX4Fc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieSiyXWtX4Fc","pdf",716153,"English","# Article Overview\n## Objectives\n## Study Design and Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n## What the Study Adds\n## Implications for Policy and Practice\n## Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CVD risk factors among the Iraqi Kurdistan population to identify gaps and guide public health strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted and how many participants were included?\",\"answer\":\"The population-based study was conducted in Duhok Province and Zakho Independent Administration from April 20, 2024 to June 15, 2024, with 784 participants enrolled through face-to-face interviews.\"},{\"question\":\"What key gap did the study find between knowledge and practice?\",\"answer\":\"Awareness of CVD risk factors was high, but many participants—especially younger adults and those with lower education—did not adopt healthy practices, such as regular exercise and healthier eating habits.\"}]","Insights into cardiovascular health - Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the Kurdistan region of Iraq | PDF",1790706775,18]