[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-203382-105":59,"doc-detail-203382-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","inorganic-material-candidates-to-replace-a-metallic-or-non-metallic-concrete-containment-liner","INORGANIC MATERIAL CANDIDATES TO REPLACE A METALLIC OR NON-METALLIC CONCRETE CONTAINMENT LINER","","Internal concrete containment liners must prevent leakage of radioactive releases into the environment after accidents. Existing metallic liners demand complex, time-consuming quality control and suffer corrosion at the concrete interface, while organic liners age quickly and require costly repairs. The research develops a composite inorganic liner based on fibre reinforced concrete or mortar to ensure leak tightness and crack sealing, match concrete service life, and reduce capital and maintenance costs through practical, fast application and optimized fibre selection.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inorganic-material-candidates-to-replace-a-metallic-or-non-metallic-concrete-containment-liner/203382/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inorganic-material-candidates-to-replace-a-metallic-or-non-metallic-concrete-containment-liner/203382.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Vance","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are metallic and organic containment liners considered problematic?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Metallic liners require elaborate quality control during construction and frequently experience corrosion at the interface with concrete. Organic liners, especially rigid types, age rapidly and require extensive, high-cost maintenance and repair.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What composite liner approach was researched to address these shortcomings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research aimed to create a composite liner material that eliminates the weaknesses of both metallic and organic liners while maintaining required leak tightness for concrete containment.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What criteria guided the selection and testing of fibres for the mortar matrix?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Fibre selection and content were optimized to achieve leak tightness and crack sealing, equivalent service life to the containment, low capital cost, easy and quick application without extending outage, and low maintenance cost, using material form, properties, availability, and cost considerations. Tests included leakage and irradiation evaluations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},203382,1788560437,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},549768064622,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","C.Seni  \nAtomic Energy of Canada,2251 Speakman DriveMississauga,Ontario,L5K 1B2.  \n1  \nBACKGROUND  \nAt present internal liners for concretecontainments are generally made of anon-metallic(organic)or metallic materialand have to inhibit leakage of radioactiverelease into the environment following anaccident.  \nShortcomings exist in both liners:  \n(1)the metallic liner requires an elaborate,expensive and time consuming qualitycontrol/assurance program duringconstruction where every weld has to betested.In addition,corrosion at theinterface with the concrete has beenfrequently reported ascribed to inherentimperfection of the concrete,  \n(2)the organic liner,particularly the rigidtype,suffers rapid ageing and requiresextensive repair with high cost ofmaintenance.  \nResearch was conducted to create acomposite liner material which wouldeliminate these shortcomings and still providethe required leak tightness to thecontainment.  \n# INORGANIC MATERIAL CANDIDATES TO REPLACE A METALLIC ORNON-METALLIC CONCRETE CONTAINMENT LINER\n\nR.H.Mills  \nUniversity of Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,M5S 1A4  \n2MATERIAL ENGINEERING  \nAdvances in material technology over the lasttwo decades have made it possible toengineer new materials which will satisfypreset requirements.  \nNumerous examples can be found in thecomposite materials industry where steelcomponents are replaced by plastic compositecomponents of higher performance and lesservulnerability to ageing,from engine parts toprestressing cables.  \nIn 1990 AECL CANDU in collaboration withresearchers at the University of Torontothought to engineer an improved concretecontainment liner.  \nFibre Reinforced Concrete(FRC)and FibreReinforced Mortar(FRM)which arecomposite materials with a proven traderecord in the industry,were selected for study.The objective was to optimize the FRC andFRM for use in nuclear concrete  \ncontainments,both in regard to the choice offibre and design of the matrix.  \nOBJECTIVES  \n3  \nThe research objectives were to obtain amaterial with the following characteristics:  \n(1)leak tight and also capable of sealingcracks in the concrete substrate,  \n(2)equivalent service life to that of theconcrete containment,  \n(3)low capital cost,  \n(4)easy and quick to apply,withoutextending the plant outage,as a repairmaterial,  \n(5)low maintenance cost.  \nThis had to be obtained by selecting andtesting suitable type of fibres as far asmaterial and form as well as the optimumfibre content.  \nFRM was preferred to FRC as more practicalto be applied in thin layers and also known tobetter stop leakage.  \n## 4THE CHOICE OF FIBRES\n\nThe research used a Fibre Reinforced Mortar(FRM)matrix and two categories of fibres,chopped and continuous.  \nFive types of chopped fibres i.e.steel,glass,polypropylene,carbon and kevlar,and fourtypes of continuous fibres i.e.steel,glass,polypropylene,and kevlar were selected,asshown in Tables 1 and 2.  \nl aole  \nReinforcenent of Liners uith Cho?ped Fibres  \n\n| Code   | Name   | Fibre  \u003Cbr>Material   | V,%  \u003Cbr>AB   | Length  \u003Cbr>(mm)   | Aspect  \u003Cbr>Ratio   |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| SFRM  \u003Cbr>GFRM  \u003Cbr>PFRM  \u003Cbr>CFRM  \u003Cbr>AFRM   | Drzmix  \u003Cbr>Cem-FI  \u003Cbr>Monofil  \u003Cbr>Dialead  \u003Cbr>Kevlar 49   | Steel  \u003Cbr>AR Glass  \u003Cbr>Polypropylene  \u003Cbr>Carbon  \u003Cbr>Aramid   | 1.5.25  \u003Cbr>2.5,5.0  \u003Cbr>1.0,15  \u003Cbr>0.5,15  \u003Cbr>0.75.15   | 30.0  \u003Cbr>25.0  \u003Cbr>25.0  \u003Cbr>18.0  \u003Cbr>12.5   | 75.0  \u003Cbr>1838.0  \u003Cbr>125.0  \u003Cbr>1059.0  \u003Cbr>800.0   |\n\nTable 4  \nCritical fibre volumes v;and cosis per square metre of 12.5mm thick liner.  \n\n| Code   | v(2)  \u003Cbr>%  \u003Cbr>1   | S Cost of fibre   |  | Lower and Upper  \u003Cbr>Bound   |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | V,=1%   | V,=V   | V%   | V%   |\n| SFRM  \u003Cbr>GFRM  \u003Cbr>PFRM  \u003Cbr>CFRM  \u003Cbr>AFRM   | 13  \u003Cbr>03  \u003Cbr>05  \u003Cbr>03  \u003Cbr>0.2   | 3.68  \u003Cbr>1.75  \u003Cbr>3.25  \u003Cbr>9.40  \u003Cbr>4.23   | 4.79  \u003Cbr>0.53  \u003Cbr>1.63  \u003Cbr>2.82  \u003Cbr>0.85   | 15  \u003Cbr>25  \u003Cbr>1.0  \u003Cbr>0.5  \u003Cbr>0.75   | 2.6  \u003Cbr>5.0  \u003Cbr>15  \u003Cbr>1.5  \u003Cbr>1.5   |\n\n1.Cost of a volu","cbCaiiyllxrGHgJN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiyllxrGHgJN","pdf",289737,"English","# BACKGROUND\n# MATERIAL ENGINEERING\n## OBJECTIVES\n# THE CHOICE OF FIBRES","[{\"question\":\"Why are metallic and organic containment liners considered problematic?\",\"answer\":\"Metallic liners require elaborate quality control during construction and frequently experience corrosion at the interface with concrete. Organic liners, especially rigid types, age rapidly and require extensive, high-cost maintenance and repair.\"},{\"question\":\"What composite liner approach was researched to address these shortcomings?\",\"answer\":\"The research aimed to create a composite liner material that eliminates the weaknesses of both metallic and organic liners while maintaining required leak tightness for concrete containment.\"},{\"question\":\"What criteria guided the selection and testing of fibres for the mortar matrix?\",\"answer\":\"Fibre selection and content were optimized to achieve leak tightness and crack sealing, equivalent service life to the containment, low capital cost, easy and quick application without extending outage, and low maintenance cost, using material form, properties, availability, and cost considerations. Tests included leakage and irradiation evaluations.\"}]","INORGANIC MATERIAL CANDIDATES TO REPLACE A METALLIC OR NON-METALLIC CONCRETE CONTAINMENT LINER | PDF",23]