[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40420-en":3,"doc-seo-40420-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40420,8796095461610,"Oliver","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences","Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences explores how inability to understand basic ideas of number and chance affects everyday judgment and civic life. Through vivid real-world examples, it analyzes common numerical and probabilistic errors, their psychological roots, and their social impact across topics such as scams, media claims, elections, health and diet, risk perception, and pseudoscience. The book connects innumeracy to beliefs in dubious practices and examines the mismatch between scientific risk assessments and public understanding.","Praise for INNUMERACY  \n\"Paulos involves the reader in the fun of numeracy in his entertaining, thought-provoking book.\"  \n—Christian Science Monitor  \n\" [John Allen Paulos] takes us a couple of steps closer to numeracy, and it is all in all an enlightening place to be .\"  \n—The New York Times  \n\"Paulos gives us a readable romp across a varied mathematical landscape . .  \n. [He] makes numbers, probability and statistics perform like so many trained seals for the reader's entertainment and enlightenment.\" —The Philadelphia Inquirer  \n\"Paulos's talent lies in his ability not only to take the reader step by step through the computations necessary to reach a probability but also to impart—with a droll humor, a lively irreverence, and a literate as well as a numerate mind—the wonder and groundedness you can derive from a quantitative way of seeing the world.\"  \n—Boston Phoenix Literary Supplement  \nINNUMERACY  \nMathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences  \nJohn Allen Paulos  \nVintage Books A Division of Random House, Inc.  \nNew York  \nFIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION , JANUARY 1990  \nCopyright © 1988 by John Allen Paulos  \nAll rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc. , New York. Originally published in hardcover by Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, in 1988. Published by arrangement with Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paulos , John Allen . Innumeracy : mathematical illiteracy and its consequences / John Allen Paulos.—1st Vintage Books ed.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nReprint. Originally published: New York : Hill and Wang, 1988. ISBN 0-679-72601-2  \n1. Mathematics—Popular works. I. Title. QA93 .P38 1990 510—dc20 89-40162  \nCIP  \nManufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nTo Sheila, Leah, and Daniel for numberless reasons  \nContents  \nIntroduction 3  \n1 Examples and Principles 7  \n2 Probability and Coincidence 33  \n3 Pseudoscience 66  \n4 Whence Innumeracy? 97  \n5 Statistics, Trade-Offs, and Society 133  \nClose 177  \nINNUMERACY  \nIntroduction  \n\"Math was always my worst subject.\"  \n\"A million dollars, a billion, a trillion, whatever. It doesn't matter as long as we do something about the problem.\"  \n\"Jerry and I aren't going to Europe, what with all the terrorists. \"  \nInnumeracy, an inability to deal comfortably with the fundamental notions of number and chance, plagues far too many otherwise knowledgeable citizens. The same people who cringe when words such as \"imply\" and \"infer\" are confused react without a trace of embarrassment to even the most egregious of numerical solecisms. I remember once listening to someone at a party drone on about the difference between \"continually\" and \"continuously. \" Later that evening we were watching the news, and the TV weathercaster announced that there was a 50 percent chance of rain for Saturday and a 50 percent chance for Sunday, and concluded that there was therefore a 100 percent chance of rain that weekend. The remark went right by the self-styled grammarian, and even after I explained the mistake to him, he wasn't nearly as indignant as he would have been had the weathercaster left a dangling participle. In fact, unlike other failings which are hidden, mathematical illiteracy is often flaunted: \"I can't even balance my checkbook.\" \"I'm a people person, not a numbers person .\" Or \"I always hated math.\"  \nPart of the reason for this perverse pride in mathematical ignorance is that its consequences are not usually as obvious as are those of other weaknesses. Because of this, and because I firmly believe that people respond better to illustrative particulars than they do to general exposition, this book will examine many real-world examples of innumeracy— stock scams, choice of a spouse, newspaper psychics, diet and medical claims, the risk of terrorism, ast","cbCailMWZANdLEnH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailMWZANdLEnH","pdf",1348372,4,1,88,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Examples and Principles\n# Probability and Coincidence\n# Pseudoscience\n# Whence Innumeracy?\n# Statistics, Trade-Offs, and Society\n# Close","[{\"question\":\"What does “innumeracy” mean in this book?\",\"answer\":\"“Innumeracy” is presented as an inability to deal comfortably with the fundamental notions of number and chance, leading to awkward misunderstandings of probability and statistics.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does mathematical illiteracy persist despite its consequences?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that the effects of innumeracy are often less immediately obvious than other shortcomings, and that people may display numerical ignorance with pride rather than embarrassment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does innumeracy relate to belief in pseudoscience and risk misunderstandings?\",\"answer\":\"The book states that innumeracy links to belief in pseudoscience and also highlights a gap between scientists’ assessments of risks and popular perceptions, which can drive either crippling anxieties or unrealistic demands for 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does “innumeracy” mean in this book?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"“Innumeracy” is presented as an inability to deal comfortably with the fundamental notions of number and chance, leading to awkward misunderstandings of probability and statistics.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why does mathematical illiteracy persist despite its consequences?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The text argues that the effects of innumeracy are often less immediately obvious than other shortcomings, and that people may display numerical ignorance with pride rather than embarrassment.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does innumeracy relate to belief in pseudoscience and risk misunderstandings?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The book states that innumeracy links to belief in pseudoscience and also highlights a gap between scientists’ assessments of risks and popular perceptions, which can drive either crippling anxieties or unrealistic demands for 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