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The Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition offers a focused way to strengthen science communication skills through a single static slide and a three-minute explanation of research goals and relevance. Using an observation protocol with framing, verbal, and non-verbal criteria, prior successful presentations were analyzed and then validated by observing 15 local 3MT talks, identifying repeatable communication patterns. Storytelling frames proved especially effective. Findings support budding scientists in delivering research messages to non-scientists and improving scientific literacy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/innovations-using-3mt-storytelling-approaches-to-improve-science-communication/595237/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/innovations-using-3mt-storytelling-approaches-to-improve-science-communication/595237.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bulrr","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Three Minute Thesis (3MT) format described in the paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Competitors explain their research goals and relevance in three minutes using only one static PowerPoint slide as a visual aid for a broad but intelligent audience.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the authors evaluate successful 3MT presentations?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They used an observation protocol with three criteria: presentation framing, verbal communication, and non-verbal communication. They then tested the identified characteristics by observing 15 local 3MT presentations.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What communication approach was most strongly associated with success?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Using storytelling frames produced the most compelling and successful presentations, and successful talks showed similar communication patterns.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595237,1792210123,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Innovations  \nUsing 3MT Storytelling Approaches to Improve Science Communication  \nKristy L. Daniel,* Ryan Ament, Myra McConnell, Bria Marty, & Jenn L Idema  \nDepartment of Biology, Texas State University  \n601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666  \nP: 512-245-7208  \n*Corresponding author email: [kristydaniel@txstate.edu](kristydaniel@txstate.edu)  \nAbstract  \nTraditional academic communication practices tend to be jargon-heavy jargon and lack public relatability. Thus, it is paramount that scientists learn to develop effective communication skills. The Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition is one avenue to refine and build science communications skills. Using one static slide as a visual supplement, competitors have three minutes to explain their research goals and relevance through easily comprehended vernacular. Using an observation protocol including three criteria: presentation framing, verbal, and non-verbal communication, we identified characteristics of prior successful 3MT presentations. We also tested the identified characteristics by observing 15 local 3MT presentations and found that all successful presentations contained similar communication patterns. For example, we found that using storytelling frames resulted in the most compelling and successful presentations. Our study offers implications on how these identified characteristics can be used to help budding scientists build critical communication skills for sharing their research with non-scientists. Scientists can apply our outcomes to build effective presentations and successfully deliver science messages helping create a more informed public.  \nKey Words: Science Communication, Storytelling, Generalist Audience, Three-Minute Thesis  \nIntroduction  \nWith the influx of anti-science rhetoric, now more than ever, scientists need to develop their communication skills to provide the public with information in a comprehensive form they can understand and use (Jucan & Jucan, 2014) . Unfortunately, traditional academic practicesand the inherent complexity of academic disciplines have painted a picture of science that is isolated from everyday experiences, and the jargon-heavy language typical of academics has enforced the need for 'translators' to act as an intermediary between science and society (Avraamidou & Osborne, 2009) . By borrowing skills from interpretive practices, scientists can be effective science communicators, even through messages as short as three minutes.  \nIt is paramount for junior researchers to be able to develop effective communication skills throughout higher education as we fight to improve scientific literacy (Baram-Tsabari & Osborne, 2015) . The Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition serves as a platform for graduate students to refine their presentation and research communication skills while practicing explaining their research goals and relevance ina vernacular that caters to a broad but intelligent audience. During the 3MT, graduate students explain their thesis research within three minutes using only one static PowerPoint slide asa visual aid (University of Queensland, n.d. ) . Although graduate students deliver these presentations across all academic disciplines, and some presentations may lack professional  \npolish, the 3MT has important educational value for how to approach communicating advanced research with non-specialist audiences (Hu & Liu, 2018) . The 3MT allows for the cultivation of research-based technical skills that will supplement future endeavors in both academia and industrial projects. This is also a step in learning how to interpret a researcher’s work for non-scientific persons.  \nWhile the 3MT began in 2008 at the University of Queensland with 160 postgraduate research students competing (University of Queensland, n.d. ), today, the competition has been adopted in 85 countries outside of Australia, with over 900 competitions hosted annually. The 3MT competition provides an exciting competitive environment for s","cbCaigMpA0mVxxbw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigMpA0mVxxbw","pdf",460528,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"What is the Three Minute Thesis (3MT) format described in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Competitors explain their research goals and relevance in three minutes using only one static PowerPoint slide as a visual aid for a broad but intelligent audience.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors evaluate successful 3MT presentations?\",\"answer\":\"They used an observation protocol with three criteria: presentation framing, verbal communication, and non-verbal communication. They then tested the identified characteristics by observing 15 local 3MT presentations.\"},{\"question\":\"What communication approach was most strongly associated with success?\",\"answer\":\"Using storytelling frames produced the most compelling and successful presentations, and successful talks showed similar communication patterns.\"}]","Innovations - Using 3MT Storytelling Approaches to Improve Science Communication | PDF",1792080685,33]