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This review synthesizes recent advancements in surgical education, examining the role of these technologies in improving anatomical understanding, surgical skill acquisition, and overall trainee engagement. Evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and cohort studies shows that immersive training tools, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and haptic feedback, outperform traditional apprenticeship methods in fostering cognitive and psychomotor skills. Artificial intelligence applications provide real-time feedback, further enhancing learning efficiency. However, these technologies should complement, rather than replace, traditional hands-on training. Some challenges remain to be addressed, such as high costs, infrastructure requirements, and limited long-term validation of these technologies. The review concludes that while these innovations offer promising educational benefits, further research is needed to standardize their application and evaluate their long-term impact on surgical outcomes.  \nKey Words: Immersive learning; Technology integration; Surgical training; Haptic feedback; Artificial intelligence; Augmented reality; Virtual reality; Three-dimensional modeling; Hepatobiliary surgery education  \n©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \n WJGS  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 1 December 27, 2025  Volume 17  Issue 12   \nWang Y et al. Hepatobiliary surgery education  \nCore Tip: Technological innovations like three-dimensional modeling, virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence are transforming hepatobiliary surgery education by enhancing anatomical understanding and skill development. While these tools offer substantial benefits, they should complement, not replace, traditional hands-on training. Real-world practice—such as tissue handling and patient interaction—is essential for developing clini","cbCaigfyINNTcNEv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigfyINNTcNEv","pdf",428483,"English","# Innovations and trends in hepatobiliary surgery education\n## Technological advancements in immersive training\n## Role of AI and real-time feedback\n## Need for hybrid models and addressing challenges","[{\"question\":\"Which technologies are highlighted as transforming hepatobiliary surgical education?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights three-dimensional modeling, virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence. It also emphasizes immersive training tools and haptic feedback as key components.\"},{\"question\":\"How do immersive training tools compare with traditional apprenticeship methods?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence cited in the review indicates immersive tools with virtual reality, augmented reality, and haptic feedback outperform traditional apprenticeship for supporting cognitive and psychomotor skill development.\"},{\"question\":\"Why should advanced technologies complement rather than replace hands-on training?\",\"answer\":\"The review concludes that these technologies should complement traditional hands-on training. Real-world practice is considered essential for developing clinical judgment and interpersonal skills, and further research is needed to confirm long-term outcomes.\"}]","Innovations and trends in hepatobiliary surgery education - Embracing technological advancements for enhanced surgical training | PDF",1790566342,18]