[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-515689-105":59,"doc-detail-515689-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","inhibition-of-citrus-fungal-pathogens-by-using-lactic-acid-bacteria","Inhibition of Citrus Fungal Pathogens by Using Lactic Acid Bacteria","","The effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on pathogenic fungi was evaluated, and metabolites responsible for the antifungal activity were characterized. Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii isolates from decayed lemons were exposed to imazalil and guazatine to obtain resistant strains. Among 33 LAB strains tested, only 8 showed positive antifungal results. Activity correlated with lactic acid, acetic acid, and phenyllactic acid (PLA), with peaks at 52.5 and 0.8 mM for acetic acid and PLA, and PLA markedly outperformed other acids. Central composite design and response surface methodology assessed inhibition by organic acids. Results support further trials for preventing postharvest citrus diseases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inhibition-of-citrus-fungal-pathogens-by-using-lactic-acid-bacteria/515689/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inhibition-of-citrus-fungal-pathogens-by-using-lactic-acid-bacteria/515689.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-06",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which fungi and LAB strains were tested in evaluating antifungal effects?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii were used, and 33 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were screened for antifungal activity. Only 8 LAB strains produced positive results.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were organic acids from LAB linked to antifungal inhibition?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The inhibitory effect was analyzed using lactic acid, acetic acid, and phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by LAB cultures. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to relate organic-acid production to inhibition.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role did the concentrations of acetic acid and PLA play in antifungal activity?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Acetic acid showed peak activity at 52.5 mM, while PLA peaked at 0.8 mM. After the peak, the effectiveness of both acetic acid and PLA decreased.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},515689,1791444079,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","M: Food Microbiology & Safety  \nInhibition of Citrus Fungal Pathogens by Using Lactic Acid Bacteria  \nC. L. Gerez, M.S. Carbajo, G. Rolln, G. Torres Leal, and G. Font de Valdez  \nAbstract: The effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on pathogenic fungi was evaluated and the metabolites involved in the antifungal effect were characterized. Penicillium digitatum (INTA 1 to INTA 7) and Geotrichum citri-aurantii (INTA 8) isolated from decayed lemon from commercial packinghouses were treated with imazalil and guazatine to obtain strains resistant to these fungicides. The most resistant strains (4 fungal strains) were selected for evaluating the antifungal activity of 33 LAB strains, among which only 8 strains gave positive results. The antifungal activity of these LAB strains was related to the production of lactic acid, acetic acid, and phenyllactic acid (PLA) . A central composite design and the response surface methodology were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the organic acids produced by the LAB cultures. The antifungal activity of lactic acid was directly related to its concentration; however, acetic acid and PLA showed a peak of activity at 52 .5 and 0 .8 mM, respectively, with inhibition rates similar to those obtained with Serenade (3 .0 ppm) imazalil (50 ppm) and guazatine (50 ppm) . Beyond the peak of activity, a reduction in effectiveness of both acetic acid and PLA was observed. Comparing the inhibition rate of the organic acids, PLA was about 66-and 600-fold more effective than acetic acid and lactic acid, respectively. This study presents evidences on the antifungal effect of selected LAB strainsand their end products. Studies are currently being undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness in preventing postharvest diseases on citrus fruits.  \nKeywords: antifungal activity, citrus disease, lactic acid bacteria  \nIntroduction  \nArgentina is the main world lemon producer with about 95% of its production coming from Tucuma´n a city placed, in the Northwest of Argentina. During the 2008 season the crop was 1301472 TN resulting in a total of 19381777 boxes exported as fresh fruit. Lemons are susceptible to infections caused by filamentous fungi and in lesser degree by yeasts. This is a matter of particular concern in the case of lemons for export since 30 d (in average) elapse from harvest to the consumers. This period is long enough for pathogenic fungi to develop and to cause disease. Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the main postharvest pathogens agents producing high economic losses worldwide (Eckert and Eaks 1989; Fogliata and others 2000) . Additionally, fungal contamination may be a health risky due to the potential toxicity and pathogenicity of the moulds involved. Toxigenic fungi have been isolated from spoiled fruits in the past (Ryall and Pentzer 1982) some of them are able to produce mycotoxins (Stinson and others 1981) even under fruit refrigeration (Tournas and Stack 2001) . Pathogenic fungi, on the other hand, may cause infections or allergies in susceptible individuals (Monso 2004) . Thus, the control of postharvest diseases is a key factor to be considered in fresh fruit trade for international market.  \nMS 20090707 Submitted 7/23/2009, Accepted 4/13/2010 . Authors Gerez, Roll ´an, and Font de Valdez are with Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucum ´an (4000) Argentina. Authors Carbajo and Torres Leal are with Insti. Nacional de Tecnolog´ıa Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Pcial 301 km 32, Padilla-Famaill´a (11-4132), Tucum´an, Argentina. Author Font de Valdez is also with Facultad de Bioqu ´ımica, Qu´ımica y Farmacia, Univ. Nacional de Tucum´an (UNT), Tucum´an, Argentina. Direct inquiries to author de Valdez ([E-mail: gfont@cerela.org.ar](E-mail: gfont@cerela.org.ar)).  \nSour rot caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii is the 2nd in importance to Penicillium decay as a wound-initiated disease in citrus fruits (Holmes 1994) . Currently, it is controlled by chemicals s","cbCair5gLCTGBqog","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair5gLCTGBqog","pdf",318265,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## Experimental design and evaluation\n# Results and Discussion\n## Selection of LAB strains\n## Organic acids and inhibition trends\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"Which fungi and LAB strains were tested in evaluating antifungal effects?\",\"answer\":\"Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii were used, and 33 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were screened for antifungal activity. Only 8 LAB strains produced positive results.\"},{\"question\":\"How were organic acids from LAB linked to antifungal inhibition?\",\"answer\":\"The inhibitory effect was analyzed using lactic acid, acetic acid, and phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by LAB cultures. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to relate organic-acid production to inhibition.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did the concentrations of acetic acid and PLA play in antifungal activity?\",\"answer\":\"Acetic acid showed peak activity at 52.5 mM, while PLA peaked at 0.8 mM. After the peak, the effectiveness of both acetic acid and PLA decreased.\"}]","Inhibition of Citrus Fungal Pathogens by Using Lactic Acid Bacteria | PDF",1791321199,15]