[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-322607-105":59,"doc-detail-322607-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","inhalation-risk-assessment-of-thinner-use-in-furniture-painting-workers-at-furniture-x","Inhalation Risk Assessment of Thinner Use in Furniture Painting Workers at Furniture X","","Worker safety in the furniture painting industry is increasingly challenged by hazardous chemicals used in painting processes. This descriptive study analyzes inhalation risk from thinner exposure among workers at Furniture X. Data come from reviews of thinner Safety Data Sheets (SDS), field observations, and structured interviews, assessed with the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) framework using Hazard Rating (HR), Exposure Rating (ER), and Risk Rating (RR). Findings identify toluene, xylene, and acetone, with xylene showing notable respiratory irritation potential, supporting stronger PPE use and safe work procedures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inhalation-risk-assessment-of-thinner-use-in-furniture-painting-workers-at-furniture-x/322607/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inhalation-risk-assessment-of-thinner-use-in-furniture-painting-workers-at-furniture-x/322607.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Gelato","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To analyze inhalation risk associated with thinner use among furniture painting workers at Furniture X using the CHRA framework.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What data sources were used in the risk assessment?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study used reviews of thinner Safety Data Sheets (SDS), field observations, and structured interviews with workers.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which chemicals were identified in the thinner, and what was the key risk?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The thinner contained toluene, xylene, and acetone; xylene was identified as posing significant potential to cause respiratory irritation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},322607,1789985316,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},19241457091524,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Inhalation Risk Assessment of Thinner Use in Furniture Painting Workers at Furniture X  \nDimas Bayu Putra Kumara1*, Alifia Fairuzahra1, Aprilia Herlinawati1, Aurellia Risma Riandini1, Muhammad Rafli Haidar1, Fransiska Dwiyandari1, Ruth Grace Insos Simbiak2  \n1 Departement Public Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Semarang State University, Indonesia 2College of Social & Behavioral Science, Health, Society, and Policy, University of Utah, USA  \n*[Correspondence to](Correspondence to: bayud9010@students.unnes.ac.id)[:](Correspondence to: bayud9010@students.unnes.ac.id)[ bayud9010@students.unnes.ac.id](Correspondence to: bayud9010@students.unnes.ac.id)  \nAbstract: The safety and health of workers in the furniture painting industry are a primary concern, given the increasing use of hazardous chemicals that can lead to various health issues. This study aims to analyze the inhalation risk associated with thinner use among furniture painting workers at Furniture X. Using a descriptive research method; the analysis focuses on inhalation exposure risks linked to thinner chemicals. Data were collected through a review of thinner Safety Data Sheets (SDS), field observations, and structured interviews, with the findings assessed using the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) framework. The assessment considered Hazard Rating (HR), Exposure Rating (ER), and Risk Rating (RR) factors. The results indicate that thinner, which is mixed with paint for the painting process, contains chemicals such as toluene (CAS: 108-88-3), xylene (CAS: 1330-20-7), and acetone (CAS: 67-64-1), each with varying levels of risk (RR) . One of the substances in thinner, xylene, was identified as having significant potential to cause respiratory irritation. The study concludes that the CHRA method applied to the furniture painting process at Furniture X revealed three hazardous chemicals in the thinner used, with xylene posing a notable health risk. These findings underscore the need to implement safe work procedures and ensure the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) .  \nKeywords: Occupational Safety and Health, CHRA, Inhalation Risk, Furniture Painting  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe furniture painting industry faces significant challenges in ensuring the health and safety of its workers. Exposure to thinners containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene and benzene, is a significant risk in this sector. Studies show that 71.4% of workers fail to properly use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly, leading to exposure to hazardous chemicals at levels exceeding permissible thresholds (Erdinur et al., 2021). The increasing use of dangerous chemicals raises serious concerns, as these substances cause various health problems among workers.  \nChemical emissions can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, and injection. Inhalation is the most common exposure pathway in workplaces and is associated with toxic substances in the form of dust/particles, gas, liquid, or vapor. When inhaled, these substances are absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to target organs, potentially causing significant health risks (Usman & Mila Tejamaya, 2022) .  \nAccording to the International Labour Organization (ILO), 6.71% of all deaths worldwide are work-related, with occupational diseases accounting for the vast majority, reaching 2.6 million deaths annually (ILO, 2022). Presidential Regulation No. 7 of 2019 of the Republic of Indonesia on Occupational Diseases defines conditions as those caused by workplace exposures, including organ-specific diseases, occupational cancers, and other health disorders. Chemical exposure is highlighted as one of the primary contributors to work-related diseases (Indonesia, 2019) .  \nA notable concern in this sector is the high prevalence of workers failing to use PPE despite clearly identifying hazards. Furthermore, pollutant levels in workplace environments, such as dust and cadmium, often","cbCaio3qdplYly4p","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio3qdplYly4p","pdf",337477,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To analyze inhalation risk associated with thinner use among furniture painting workers at Furniture X using the CHRA framework.\"},{\"question\":\"What data sources were used in the risk assessment?\",\"answer\":\"The study used reviews of thinner Safety Data Sheets (SDS), field observations, and structured interviews with workers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which chemicals were identified in the thinner, and what was the key risk?\",\"answer\":\"The thinner contained toluene, xylene, and acetone; xylene was identified as posing significant potential to cause respiratory irritation.\"}]","Inhalation Risk Assessment of Thinner Use in Furniture Painting Workers at Furniture X | PDF",1789963118,25]