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This comprehensive review evaluates infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a noninvasive technology that can reshape cancer diagnosis in gynecology. By collecting tissue vibrational frequencies, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy generates molecular fingerprints and supports discrimination between malignant and benign conditions. The review summarizes advances in identifying biomarker bands across mid- and near-IR ranges, discusses how protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleic-acid signals change with cancer, and examines studies reporting high diagnostic accuracy. 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Delanghe 3, Rafael Noal Moresco 4, Reinhart Speeckaert 5 and Marijn M. Speeckaert 1,6, *  \nCitation: Delrue, C.; De Bruyne, S.; Oyaert, M.; Delanghe, J.R.; Moresco, R.N.; Speeckaert, R.; Speeckaert, M.M. Infrared Spectroscopy in Gynecological Oncology: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Potentials and Challenges. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5996. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25115996](10.3390/ijms25115996)  \nAcademic Editors: Carmine Stolfi, Massimo Nabissi and Peter J.  \nK. Kuppen  \nReceived: 23 April 2024  \nRevised: 25 May 2024  \nAccepted: 28 May 2024  \nPublished: 30 May 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [charlotte.delrue@ugent.be](charlotte.delrue@ugent.be)  \n2 Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [sander.debruyne@uzgent.be](sander.debruyne@uzgent.be) (S.D.B.); [matthijs.oyaert@uzgent.be](matthijs.oyaert@uzgent.be) (M.O.)  \n3 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [joris.delanghe@ugent.be](joris.delanghe@ugent.be)  \n4 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 72500-000, Brazil; [rnmoresco@ufsm.br](rnmoresco@ufsm.br)  \n5 Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [reinhart.speeckaert@uzgent.be](reinhart.speeckaert@uzgent.be)  \n[6](6 Research Foundation-Flanders)[ Research Foundation-Flanders](6 Research Foundation-Flanders) ([FWO](FWO)), 1000 Brussels, Belgium  \n* [Correspondence: marijn.speeckaert@ugent.be](Correspondence: marijn.speeckaert@ugent.be); Tel.: +32-9-332-4509  \nAbstract: The early detection of gynecological cancers, which is critical for improving patient survival rates, is challenging because of the vague early symptoms and the diagnostic limitations of current approaches. This comprehensive review delves into the game-changing potential of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, a noninvasive technology used to transform the landscape of cancer diagnosis in gynecology. By collecting the distinctive vibrational frequencies of chemical bonds inside tissue samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a ‘molecular fingerprint’ that outperforms existing diagnostic approaches. We highlight significant advances in this field, particularly the identification of discrete biomarker bands in the mid-and near-IR spectra. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids exhibited different absorption patterns. These spectral signatures not only serve to distinguish between malignant and benign diseases, but also provide additional information regarding the cellular changes associated with cancer. To underscore the practical consequences of these findings, we examined studies in which IR spectroscopy demonstrated exceptional diagnostic accuracy. This review supports the use of IR spectroscopy in normal clinical practice, emphasizing its capacity to detect and comprehend the intricate molecular underpinnings of gynecological cancers.  \nKeywords: infrared spectroscopy; gynecological tumors; near-infrared; mid-infrared  \n1. Introduction  \nCervical, endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers are gynecological malignancies that pose a large global health burden, with varying epidemiological patterns reflecting population heterogeneity in lifestyle, environmental, and genetic vari","cbCaiuJGVaV0kBSQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuJGVaV0kBSQ","pdf",335523,23,"English","# Introduction\n## Clinical challenges in gynecological cancer diagnosis\n## Conventional imaging and biopsy limitations\n## Molecular imaging and IR spectroscopy rationale\n# Abstract\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"Why is early detection of gynecological cancers challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Early detection is hindered by vague early symptoms and diagnostic limitations of existing approaches, which often leads to late-stage detection and lower survival rates.\"},{\"question\":\"How does FTIR infrared spectroscopy support cancer diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"FTIR spectroscopy collects distinctive vibrational frequencies from tissue samples to generate a molecular fingerprint, enabling differentiation between malignant and benign diseases based on spectral signatures.\"},{\"question\":\"What biological components show different absorption patterns in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids exhibit different absorption patterns, providing additional information about cellular changes associated with cancer.\"}]","Infrared Spectroscopy in Gynecological Oncology - A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Potentials and Challenges | PDF",1789978639,58]