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The article reviews current Greek curricula to outline core instructional principles, learning content, and the student skills these subjects aim to develop, including effective, creative, and ethically correct ICT use. It also discusses proposed pedagogical approaches and the need to update curricula to reflect rapid advances in computer and communication science and evolving digitally enhanced society demands.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/informatics-and-ict-as-learning-subjects-in-primary-and-secondary-education-in-greece/591902/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/informatics-and-ict-as-learning-subjects-in-primary-and-secondary-education-in-greece/591902.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mabel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the article on Informatics and ICT in Greece?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To present Informatics and ICT as learning subjects in Greek primary and secondary education and to discuss their basic principles, curriculum content, targeted student skills, and future perspectives.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article describe the curricula focus for these subjects?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It reviews the current curricula to present the foundational principles and the learning content of Informatics and ICT, along with the skills the teaching aims to develop for students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the article argue that ICT curricula need updating or reform?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because computer and communication science advances rapidly, requiring curricula to meet the needs of an ever-changing digital and technological landscape.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591902,1792190761,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","Informatics and ICT as Learning Subjects in Primary and Secondary Education in Greece  \nAnthi Gousiou  \nResearcher, University of the Aegean, Greece, [goussiou@gmail.com](goussiou@gmail.com)  \nNikolaos Grammenos  \nPhD Candidate, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, [nikolaos.grammenos@gmail.com](nikolaos.grammenos@gmail.com)  \nInformatics and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) have been closely intertwined with education for about 50 years worldwide and about 40 years in Greece. This article focuses on the content of the learning subjects of Informatics and ICT in Greek schools, which are included as independent subjects in all primary and secondary school grades, aiming at welleducated graduates to be able to use ICT in an effective, creative, and ethically correct way, and to be prepared to participate actively in the digitally enhanced society. To this end, a review was conducted to all current curricula of the primary and secondary education in Greece for the learnign subjects of Informatics and ICT to present the basic principles and content of the instruction of these two subjects, as well as the student’s skills that the teaching of these subjects aims to develop. Informatics and ICT as learning subjects in Greek are being taught in all grades of primary and secondary education by specialized Informatics teachers. For the instruction of them, constructivist learning theories are proposed, and collaborative, project-based and gamebased approaches are promoted. given the rapid advances in computer and communication science, it is imperative that ICT curricula are updated or reformed to meet the needs of the everchanging landscape.  \nKeywords: informatics, information and communication technology, 21st-century skills, digital skills, greek educational system, computational thinking, curriculum  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe rapid development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), along with the globalization and internationalization of national economies have reformed people’s way of life, work, and learning (Anderson, 2008) . As a result, new skills and competencies are needed, alongside the necessary cognitive skills, which are prerequisites, such as flexibility and adaptability to the everchanging world (Carnevale, & Smith, 2013) . To this end, educational systems need to equip students with the skills and competencies necessary for the preparation of tomorrow’s citizens (Ananiadou & Claro, 2009; Rini et al., 2022) .  \nMoreover, ICT undoubtedly constitutes one of the basic components of modern society and hasa decisive impact on every aspect of people’s lives, such as management, economy, education, culture, and entertainment. Thus, everyone needs to adapt to the new social, cultural, and educational environment shaped by the rapid growth and spread of ICT, the huge volume and multiplicity of available digital information/data along with the ever-increasing production of new knowledge. ICT environments have radically changed the way people access, compile, analyze, represent, and present information, as well as collaborate and communicate with each other.  \nCitation: Gousiou, A., & Grammenos, N. (2023) . Informatics and ICT as learning subjects in primary and secondary education in Greece. Anatolian Journal of Education, 8(1), 217-230. [https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2023.8115a](https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2023.8115a)  \nICT is a basic tool that has transformed both education and schools by supporting and enhancing learning, and by upgrading the educational procedure as well (Mikre, 2011) . In this context, students need to develop new competencies and skills, in order not only to consume the available digital content but also to be able to use ICT in an effective, creative, and ethically correct way. At the sametime, they need to be able to make connections, understand and analyze concepts, and create and share knowledge to be prepared to participate actively in the digitally enhanced society (A","cbCaicK5IcWBBtCw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicK5IcWBBtCw","pdf",430927,14,"English","# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Essential Skills for Students\n## 21st-Century Skills","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the article on Informatics and ICT in Greece?\",\"answer\":\"To present Informatics and ICT as learning subjects in Greek primary and secondary education and to discuss their basic principles, curriculum content, targeted student skills, and future perspectives.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the curricula focus for these subjects?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews the current curricula to present the foundational principles and the learning content of Informatics and ICT, along with the skills the teaching aims to develop for students.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the article argue that ICT curricula need updating or reform?\",\"answer\":\"Because computer and communication science advances rapidly, requiring curricula to meet the needs of an ever-changing digital and technological landscape.\"}]","Informatics and ICT as Learning Subjects in Primary and Secondary Education in Greece | PDF",1792073442,35]