[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-600242-105":3,"doc-detail-600242-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":99},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","influences-of-subjective-norms-on-teachers-intention-to-use-social-media-in-working-research-article","Influences of subjective norms on teachers’ intention to use social media in working - Research Article","","Investigates factors shaping Vietnamese teachers’ intention to use the Zalo app, using an extended technology acceptance model. Subjective norms from colleagues, managers, students, and parents and anxiety are treated as precursors of attitude and intention, while perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness serve as key TAM variables. Online survey data from 105 teachers are analyzed with PLS-SEM. Colleagues do not affect usefulness; managers show no significant effect on ease of use. Students and parents increase ease of use and usefulness, with managers raising anxiety and students connection reducing it. Subjective norms significantly drive teachers’ work-related use of Zalo.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/influences-of-subjective-norms-on-teachers-intention-to-use-social-media-in-working-research-article/600242/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/influences-of-subjective-norms-on-teachers-intention-to-use-social-media-in-working-research-article/600242.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What factors does the study examine for teachers’ intention to use Zalo?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It examines subjective norms (colleagues, managers, students, and parents) and anxiety as precursors, and models perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness within an extended TAM framework.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How many teachers participated and what method was used to analyze the data?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study includes 105 teachers and uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze quantitative relationships among the factors.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What are the main findings about the effects of subjective norms?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Colleagues have no impact on perceived usefulness, and managers have an insignificant influence on perceived ease of use. In contrast, students and their parents positively influence teachers’ perceived ease of use and usefulness, and subjective norms significantly affect teachers’ intention to use Zalo at work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},600242,1792161141,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"OPEN ACCESS  \nResearch Article  \nContemporary Educational Technology, 2023, 15(1), ep400 ISSN: 1309-517X (Online)  \nInfluences of subjective norms on teachers’ intention to use social media in working  \nHuong Thi Thu Tran 1*  \n 0000-0002-4504-0351  \nNga Thuy Nguyen 1  \n 0000-0003-3391-1313  \nThuy Thi Tang 1  \n 0000-0002-0557-8245  \n1 VNU University of Education, Hanoi, VIETNAM  \n* Corresponding author: [huong.tran@vnu.edu.vn](huong.tran@vnu.edu.vn)  \nCitation: Tran, H. T. T., Nguyen, N. T., & Tang, T. T. (2023) . Influences of subjective norms on teachers’ intention to use social media in working. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(1), ep400. [https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12659](https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12659)  \nARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT  \n\n| Received: 24 May 2022\u003Cbr>Accepted: 2 Nov 2022 | This study investigates factors affecting teachers’ intention to use the Zalo app–a social media with impressive users in Vietnam in recent years. The extended technology acceptance model (TAM) involves subjective norms (SNs) (colleagues, managers, students, and parents) and anxiety as the precursors of user attitude and intention to use as well as perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) as the key variables in TAM was employed. 1, 105 teachers in Vietnam took part in the online survey. The study employed the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the quantitative data and the relationship among factors. The findings show that colleagues have no impact on PU, and managers have an insignificant influence on PEOU. In contrast, students and their parents positively influence teachers’ PEOU and usefulness. Moreover, managers can increase teachers’ anxiety levels, whereas students’ connection decreases anxiety. These variables accounted for 79.6% of the variance in users’ adoption. The results confirm the impact of SNs on teachers’ intention to use the Zalo app in working. This is the study on issues in Vietnam related to social media used at institutional level–a no way back solution in the new educational context of the modern society.\u003Cbr>Keywords: subjective norms, social media acceptance, Vietnamese teachers, PLS-SEM |\n| --- | --- |\n| INTRODUCTION |  |\n\nGiven the importance of social media to individuals, organizations, and society in using these tools to communicate, there has been an increase in academic discussion of the subject in recent years (Andreadis et al., 2021) . Students use social media more often in their learning (Supardi et al., 2021), especially during the pandemic (Alshalawi, 2022) . Teachers are also increasingly adopting online apps and educational tools to foster and expand their professional development chances (Prestridge, 2019) . When teachers become more skillful and confident in using technology, they are likely to use them more often (Wu et al., 2022) .  \nAmong many social media platforms, instant messaging applications appear among the most widely-used social networking apps, including Line, Wechat, WhatsApp, Viber, KakaoTalk, and Zalo. Zalo, the first local messaging network launched in 2012 in Vietnam, has dominated the market with about 64 million users (Leet al., 2021) . This app eclipses international competitors with an 80 percent install rate among smartphone users, compared to Facebook Messenger’s 73%(Phung, 2019) . While Viber is recognized for its free calls and messages, KakaoTalk for its social component and Line is known for its entertainment, Zalo has incorporated these three features to offer a more robust and efficient Vietnamese communication service. Aside from essential talking, Zalo offers interest-based group chats, personalized Vietnamese stickers, and a nearby  \nsearch option (Do, 2013) . Zalo is also the second most popular in Vietnam, trailing only Facebook and slightly ahead of Instagram in terms of social network concept (Phung, 2019) .  \nWhen the world faced COVID-19, during the social distancing and school closures, teache","cbCaipvUApk8YlnA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipvUApk8YlnA","pdf",392034,14,"English","# Article info\n## Abstract\n## Keywords\n## Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What factors does the study examine for teachers’ intention to use Zalo?\",\"answer\":\"It examines subjective norms (colleagues, managers, students, and parents) and anxiety as precursors, and models perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness within an extended TAM framework.\"},{\"question\":\"How many teachers participated and what method was used to analyze the data?\",\"answer\":\"The study includes 105 teachers and uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze quantitative relationships among the factors.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main findings about the effects of subjective norms?\",\"answer\":\"Colleagues have no impact on perceived usefulness, and managers have an insignificant influence on perceived ease of use. In contrast, students and their parents positively influence teachers’ perceived ease of use and usefulness, and subjective norms significantly affect teachers’ intention to use Zalo at work.\"}]","Influences of subjective norms on teachers’ intention to use social media in working - Research Article | PDF",1792090307,35,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":100},[101,105,109,113,118,123,127,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]