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Engineering education traditionally emphasizes technical aspects, yet industry increasingly needs market-aware engineers with customer focus linked to entrepreneurship. This work studies how customer voice presented in focus groups affects student-generated product design in the virtual internship and epistemic game Nephrotex. Results show customer exposure reduces product cost without degrading quality, supporting the approach for improving design pedagogy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/influence-of-end-customer-exposure-on-product-design-within-an-epistemic-game-environment/588720/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/influence-of-end-customer-exposure-on-product-design-within-an-epistemic-game-environment/588720.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does customer voice affect student product design in Nephrotex?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Customer voice delivered through focus groups is associated with design outcomes that reduce product cost while maintaining product quality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is engineering education shifting toward market-aware, customer-focused training?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Successful engineering practice requires recognizing present market needs and future opportunities, and customer-focused skills align with entrepreneurial mindset development.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What problem does the paper address regarding the engineering curriculum?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It examines how to instill an effective customer focus early in engineering education and whether exposure to end-customers changes design specifications and marketplace performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588720,1792171720,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| | Ad | vances in Engineering Edu | cation |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  | |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\nFALL 2017  \nInfluence of End Customer Exposure on Product Design within an Epistemic Game Environment  \nMATTHEW R. MARKOVETZ  \nAND  \nRENEE M. CLARK University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA  \nZACHARI SWIECKI  \nGOLNAZ ARASTOOPOUR IRGENS NAOMI C. CHESLER  \nAND  \nDAVID W. SHAFFER University of Wisconsin Madison, WI  \nCHERYL A. BODNAR Rowan University Glassboro, NJ  \nABSTRACT  \nEngineering product design requires both technical aptitude and an understanding of the nontechnical requirements in the marketplace, economic or otherwise. Engineering education has long focused on the technical side of product design, but there is increasing demand for market-aware engineers in industry. Market-awareness and customer-focus are also associated with entrepreneurship, which has been given increased focus in engineering education. A common tool for gauging customer interest in industry is the focus group. Herein we examine the effect of customer voice as presented in a focus group for influencing engineering product design generated by students as part of the virtual internship and epistemic game Nephrotex. We find that customer exposure is related to decreased product cost without a change in product quality. Therefore, we suggest that the injection of customer voice into the engineering curriculum is a valid method by which to improve engineering design pedagogy.  \nKey words: Design process, entrepreneurship, games  \nADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION  \nInfluence of End Customer Exposure on Product Design within an Epistemic Game Environment  \nINTRODUCTION  \nSuccess following graduation now requires more than just technical savvy from engineering students (Byers et al., 2013) . Adaptability, effective teamwork, creativity, and recognition of current market-based needs and future opportunities are requisite skills in the repertoire of an engineering graduate (Bodnar, Clark, and Besterfield-Sacre, 2015) . Though the definition of an entrepreneurial mindset varies to some extent, each of these traits has been identified as an element of such a mindset. Regardless of definition, much focus is being directed toward instilling an entrepreneurial mindset in engineering students (Taks et al., 2014, Byers et al., 2013, Bodnar et al., 2015, Rogy et al., 2014, Schar et al., 2014) . Companies require innovative thought, personal initiative, and market awareness from the incoming workforce to stay competitive (Litzinger et al. , 2011) . And those seeking to venture into new markets require similar personal traits (Kriewall and Mekemson, 2010) . Indeed, it is imperative that the entrepreneurial mindset be fostered in the engineering classroom (Ortiz-Medina et al. , 2014) for either entrepreneurial or “intrapreneurial”(i.e. the entrepreneurial tendencies of an employee within a company that they do not own) purposes (Damon and Lerner, 2008, Antoncicand Hisrich, 2003) . For this reason, it is crucial to gain an understanding of how different pedagogical methods can further the development of an entrepreneurial mindset in students while still in the college environment. Byers et al. (2013) suggest encouraging creativity, flexibility, and technical acumen to foster entrepreneurial tendencies, whereas Kriewall and Mekemson (2010) suggest that acquaintance with business principles including meeting customer needs is essential to developing entrepreneurial engineers. Bodnar, Clark, and Besterfield-Sacre (2015) through a literature review were able to capture an engineering-specific definition of entrepreneurial mindset. Particular to this definition is the notion that engineers must also account for technical aspects in addition to market demands. In the present work, we focus on a method of increasing awareness of customer needs atan early stage of engineering education. By implementing a focus group within a virtual internship for sop","cbCaiaKlWe9QOcaR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaKlWe9QOcaR","pdf",881803,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How does customer voice affect student product design in Nephrotex?\",\"answer\":\"Customer voice delivered through focus groups is associated with design outcomes that reduce product cost while maintaining product quality.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is engineering education shifting toward market-aware, customer-focused training?\",\"answer\":\"Successful engineering practice requires recognizing present market needs and future opportunities, and customer-focused skills align with entrepreneurial mindset development.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address regarding the engineering curriculum?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how to instill an effective customer focus early in engineering education and whether exposure to end-customers changes design specifications and marketplace performance.\"}]","Influence of End Customer Exposure on Product Design within an Epistemic Game Environment | PDF",1792065807,55]