[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371475-105":59,"doc-detail-371475-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","inflammation-immunosuppression-and-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer-where-are-we-now","Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer - Where Are We Now?","","Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most frequently diagnosed and lethal malignancies, with rising incidence and only modest improvement in overall survival in recent years. Systemic treatment progress has not fundamentally changed outcomes, while PC remains highly resistant to immune attack. The review summarizes how systemic and local inflammation shape immune response, drive immunosuppression, and influence therapeutic opportunities, with emphasis on translating evolving microenvironment biology into new combination strategies and inflammation-based prognostic markers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inflammation-immunosuppression-and-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer-where-are-we-now/371475/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inflammation-immunosuppression-and-immunotherapy-in-pancreatic-cancer-where-are-we-now/371475.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kyle","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does inflammation matter in pancreatic cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Inflammatory signaling is described as a key mediator of pancreatic cancer development, shaping both systemic and local processes that affect disease progression and treatment response.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why do immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies often fail in pancreatic cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Pancreatic cancer is characterized as one of the most immune-resistant tumors, and patients rarely benefit from monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the main goal of combining approaches in future studies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review emphasizes using new biological insights into the pancreatic tumor microenvironment to design clinical studies that combine different approaches to overcome resistance to single-agent immunotherapy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},371475,1791029442,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985741905716,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Review  \nInflammation, Immunosuppression, and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer—Where Are We Now?  \nMarta Fudalej 1,2, Kamila Krupa 3, Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz 1 and Andrzej Deptała 1, *  \nReceived: 28 March 2025  \nRevised: 22 April 2025  \nAccepted: 26 April 2025  \nPublished: 28 April 2025  \nCitation: Fudalej, M.; Krupa, K.; Badowska-Kozakiewicz, A.; Deptała, A. Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer—Where Are We Now? Cancers 2025, 17, 1484. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cancers17091484](10.3390/cancers17091484)  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Oncological Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; [marta.fudalej@wum.edu.pl](marta.fudalej@wum.edu.pl) (M.F.); [anna.badowska-kozakiewicz@wum.edu.pl](anna.badowska-kozakiewicz@wum.edu.pl) (A.B.-K.)  \n2 Department of Oncology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland  \n3 Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Oncological Propaedeutics, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; [kamila.krupa@student.wum.edu.pl](kamila.krupa@student.wum.edu.pl)  \n* Correspondence: [andrzej.deptala@wum.edu.pl](andrzej.deptala@wum.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-22-572-07-02  \nSimple Summary: The inflammatory process is one of the key mediators of pancreatic cancer (PC) development, yet at the same time, PC is one of the most immune-resistant tumors. Patients rarely benefit from monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors; nevertheless, the latest biological findings on the complexity of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment might be translated into designing new clinical studies that combine various approaches to overcome single-agent immunotherapy resistance. On the other hand, focusing on inflammation may lead to the development of new inflammation-based prognostic markers for patients. This review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the complex relationships between systemic and local inflammation, an immune response, immunosuppression, and therapeutic options in PC.  \nAbstract: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest neoplasms in the modern world. Over the past few years, the incidence of PC has risen with only a slight improvement in overall survival. Moreover, the improvement in survival is primarily driven by diagnoses in the localized stage of the disease, rather than by new treatment methods. The inflammatory process is a key mediator of PC development, yet PC is also one of the most immune-resistant tumors. Patients rarely benefit from monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors; nevertheless, the latest biological findings on the complexity of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment might be translated into designing new clinical studies that combine various approaches to overcome single-agent immunotherapy resistance. On the other hand, focusing on inflammation may lead to the development of new inflammation-based prognostic markers for patients. This review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the complex relationships between systemic and local inflammation, immune response, immunosuppression, and therapeutic options in PC.  \nKeywords: pancreatic cancer; immunotherapy; oncology; inflammation; immunosuppression; cancer vaccines  \n1. Introduction  \nPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and most deadly neoplasms in the modern world [1] . Over the past few years, the incidence of PC has risen with only a slight improvement in overall survival (OS), reaching 13% in 2024 [2] . A decade ago, t","cbCaibtZu2UVsm51","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibtZu2UVsm51","pdf",1022046,18,"English","# Simple Summary\n# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why does inflammation matter in pancreatic cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Inflammatory signaling is described as a key mediator of pancreatic cancer development, shaping both systemic and local processes that affect disease progression and treatment response.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies often fail in pancreatic cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Pancreatic cancer is characterized as one of the most immune-resistant tumors, and patients rarely benefit from monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of combining approaches in future studies?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes using new biological insights into the pancreatic tumor microenvironment to design clinical studies that combine different approaches to overcome resistance to single-agent immunotherapy.\"}]","Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer - Where Are We Now? | PDF",1790192159,45]