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Estimates 311,961 children experienced homelessness in 2020-2021, about 3% of the 0-3 population, but only 7% were enrolled in early childhood programs such as Early Head Start, child care, or Parents as Teachers Home Visiting. Explains lasting developmental impacts and calls for enrollment and support actions by programs, providers, and federal and state partners.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/infants-and-toddlers-experiencing-homelessness-prevalence-access-to-early-learning-in-twenty-states-november-2022/586816/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/infants-and-toddlers-experiencing-homelessness-prevalence-access-to-early-learning-in-twenty-states-november-2022/586816.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How many infants and toddlers experienced homelessness in the twenty states studied in 2020-2021?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report estimates 311,961 infants and toddlers experienced homelessness across the included twenty states in 2020-2021.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What share of these children were enrolled in early childhood programs?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Only 7% of infants and toddlers experiencing homelessness were enrolled in an early childhood program, leaving at least 289,741 potentially unidentified by early learning systems in these states.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the report emphasize prenatal-to-3 as a critical period?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The report highlights that prenatal-to-3 is foundational for future learning, behavior, and health, and research shows homelessness during pregnancy and early childhood can cause lasting developmental impacts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586816,1792166200,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","INFANTS AND TODDLERS  \nEXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS  \nPrevalence & Access To Early Learning in Twenty States  \nNovember 2022  \nCONTENTS  \nAcknowledgments  3  \nIntroduction  4  \nKey Findings  8  \nRecommendations  13  \nState Profiles  24  \nAppendix  45  \n2  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \nSchoolHouse Connection is grateful to the following partners:  \nÆ Jennifer Erb-Downward,  \nPoverty Solutions at the University of Michigan  \nÆ Michael Sophir and Allison Kemner, Parents as Teachers  \nÆ Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care  \nÆ The BUILD Network  \nÆ Marsha Basloe,  \nChild Care Services Association  \nÆ Carie Bires, Start Early  \nThis report was made possible with support from the Pritzker Children's Initiative.  \n3  \nINTRODUCTION  \nHomelessness is a traumatic experience with long-term consequences, particularly for infants and toddlers in their most critical stages of development. Yet homelessness among young children is hidden. It includes a range of living situations: a six-month old living in a car with her family; a family of five squeezed into a motel room; a newborn in an emergency shelter; a two-year-old on a series of floors next to a series of couches, moving with his mother from place to place as she stays with anyone who will take them in. Lack of shelter, fear of having children removed from parental custody, and restrictive eligibility criteria for housing programs mean that most young children experiencing homelessness stay in places that are not easily identified.  \nTo date, the only data on the number of young children experiencing homelessness is from the U.S. Department of Education, which estimates that approximately 1.3 million  children under the age of six experienced  homelessness in 2018-2019. However, these data are not disaggregated by age, and, therefore, the prevalence of homelessness among the very youngest — infants and toddlers — has thus far been unknown. Yet the years from prenatal to age three are a unique and critical period of child development —the foundation for all future learning, behavior, and health. Moreover, research shows that homelessness is particularly injurious to young children, with lasting consequences. If we are to prevent longer term impacts, we must increase awareness and action to support expecting parents, as well as infants  \nand toddlers experiencing homelessness. A first step in doing so is understanding the prevalence of homelessness in this age range, and the gaps in their access to high-quality early learning programs.  \nTo this end, SchoolHouse Connection and Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan analyzed data from twenty states that have formed broad-based coalitions to move prenatal-to-3 priorities forward.  \nThis report describes the prevalence of homelessness among infants and toddlers in these twenty states; gaps in access to early learning programs; and recommendations for increasing enrollment and support.  \n4  \nThis first-of-its-kind analysis finds that:  \nAn estimated 311,961 infants and toddlers experienced homelessness across the twenty states included in this study in 2020- 2021, representing approximately 3% of the 0-3 population.  \nOnly 7% of these children are enrolled inan early childhood program (Early Head Start, Child Care, or Parents as Teachers Home Visiting). This means that at least 289,741 infants and toddlers experiencing homelessness were not identified by early learning programs in these states; many may not even be enrolled.  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>KEY FINdING 3\u003Cbr>|\n| Of the three early childhood programs for\u003Cbr>|\n| which data was available, Early Head Start hasthe highest enrollment rate of children experiencing homelessness (3.4%), compared tochild care (2.5%) and Parents as Teachers Home Visiting (1%). |\n| |\n\nAcross the twenty states, there is significant variation in the enrollment rates of infantsand toddlers experiencing homelessness. The next phase of our work will be to identify the policies and practices that hav","cbCainD6Dd3g347u","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainD6Dd3g347u","pdf",4473935,49,"English","# Acknowledgments\n# Introduction\n# Key Findings\n## Early childhood program enrollment rates\n# Recommendations\n# State Profiles\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"How many infants and toddlers experienced homelessness in the twenty states studied in 2020-2021?\",\"answer\":\"The report estimates 311,961 infants and toddlers experienced homelessness across the included twenty states in 2020-2021.\"},{\"question\":\"What share of these children were enrolled in early childhood programs?\",\"answer\":\"Only 7% of infants and toddlers experiencing homelessness were enrolled in an early childhood program, leaving at least 289,741 potentially unidentified by early learning systems in these states.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the report emphasize prenatal-to-3 as a critical period?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights that prenatal-to-3 is foundational for future learning, behavior, and health, and research shows homelessness during pregnancy and early childhood can cause lasting developmental impacts.\"}]","INFANTS AND TODDLERS - EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS - Prevalence & Access To Early Learning in Twenty States - November 2022 | PDF",1792059486,123]