[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40122-en":3,"doc-seo-40122-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40122,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1782109480056885918",8,"Research & Report","Infant Mortality within Cleveland An In-Depth Analysis 2012–2015","In-depth analysis of infant mortality in Cleveland from 2012 to 2015, based on findings from the Cleveland Department of Public Health. Cleveland’s infant mortality averages 12.9 deaths per 1,000 live births, double the national rate, with higher rates among Black infants than among White or Hispanic infants. Neighborhood-level disparities are pronounced, ranging from Buckeye Woodhill around 3.8 to Lee-Harvard around 34.6 per 1,000. Preterm birth and low birth weight strongly predict death risk, with preterm infants far more likely to die.","Infant Mortality within Cleveland: An In-Depth Analysis (2012 – 2015)  \nCleveland Department of Public Health  \nOffice of Communicable Disease Surveillance & Epidemiology  \n75 Erieview Plaza Cleveland, OH 44114 Phone: 216-664-3747  \nFax: 216-664-6159  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2  \nAcknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4  \nIntroduction.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5  \nInfant Mortality Rates by Neighborhoods and Wards………………………………………………………………………………6  \nRacial and Ethnic Disparity of Infant Mortality Rates…..…………………………………………………………………………15  \nPreterm Birth Percentages by Neighborhoods and Wards……………………………………………………………………..17  \nRacial and Ethnic Disparity of Preterm Birth Percentages..…………………………………………………………………….23  \nCauses of Death.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24  \nPredictive Factors.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25  \nNeonatal Mortality Rates……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27  \nPostneonatal Mortality Rates…..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………28  \nLow Birth Weight Percentages by Neighborhoods……..………………………………………………………………………….29  \nRate Ratios by Neighborhoods..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….34  \nDiscussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37  \nRecommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..37  \nTechnical Notes….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….38  \nAppendix A: Map of Cleveland Neighborhoods …….………………………………………………………………………………40  \nAppendix B: List of Figures & Tables …..…………………………………………………………………………………………………41  \nReferences ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43  \n1  \nInfant Mortality within Cleveland: An In-Depth Analysis (2012-2015)  \nExecutive Summary  \nMain Findings  \n􀁸 Infant mortality in Cleveland is double the national average (12.9 vs. 6.0)  \n􀁸 Infant mortality is higher among Blacks than Whites or Hispanics (16.0 vs. 9.3 & 10.3)  \n􀁸 Infant mortality rates differ significantly by neighborhoods  \n􀂃 Buckeye Woodhill 3.8 per 1,000 live births  \n􀂃 Lee-Harvard 34.6 per 1,000 live births  \n􀁸 Preterm infants are 5 times more likely to have died compared to full-term births  \n􀁸 Low birth weight infants are 9 times more likely to have died compared to normal weight  \nInfant mortality is one of the greatest indicators of a community’s health. The United States’ infant mortality rate has been consistently decreasing over the past few decades with a 2013 rate of 6.0 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Ohio, Cuyahoga County, and the City of Cleveland all have greater infant mortality rates than the US. Cleveland had the greatest infant mortality rate of 12.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births on average double that of the national rate.  \nWithin the City of Cleveland, infant mortality rates are significantly different among races. Blacks have a significantly greater infant mortality rate than Whites or Hispanics. Blacks, on average, have a rate of 16.0 per 1,000 live births while White and Hispanics have rates of 9.3 and 10.3 per 1,000 live births respectively.  \nHealth disparities exist with stark contrast geographically across the city. Cleveland as a whole has experienced less-than-optimal infant health outcomes; however, when analyzed on a neighborhood level, health disparities become apparent. Some of Cleveland’s neighborhoods are doing exceptionally well in regards to infant health, however, others are not. Between the years of 2012 and 2015, the Buckeye-Woodhill neighborhood had the lowest overall infant mortality rate of 3.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. During the same time period, the neighborhood with the highest overall infant mortality rate was Lee-Harvard, with a rate of 34.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. These neighborhoods lie approximately 3 miles from each other and yet infants born in LeeHarvard die at nearly 9 times the rate as infants born in Buckeye-W","cbCaioZIhr5efEyw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioZIhr5efEyw","pdf",1499009,4,1,44,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Main Findings\n# Introduction\n# Infant Mortality Rates by Neighborhoods and Wards\n# Racial and Ethnic Disparity of Infant Mortality Rates\n# Preterm Birth Percentages by Neighborhoods and Wards\n# Racial and Ethnic Disparity of Preterm Birth Percentages\n# Causes of Death\n# Predictive Factors\n# Neonatal Mortality Rates\n# Postneonatal Mortality Rates\n# Low Birth Weight Percentages by Neighborhoods\n# Rate Ratios by Neighborhoods\n# Discussion and Conclusion\n# Recommendations\n# Technical Notes\n# Appendix A: Map of Cleveland Neighborhoods\n# Appendix B: List of Figures & Tables\n# References","[{\"question\":\"How does Cleveland’s infant mortality rate compare with the national average from 2012 to 2015?\",\"answer\":\"Cleveland averages 12.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, double the national average of 6.0 during the same period.\"},{\"question\":\"What racial or ethnic disparities in infant mortality are reported for Cleveland?\",\"answer\":\"Infant mortality is higher among Black infants (16.0 per 1,000) than among White infants (9.3) and Hispanic infants (10.3).\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors are most strongly linked to infant mortality in the report?\",\"answer\":\"Preterm birth is described as the dominant association, with preterm infants about 5 times more likely to die than full-term infants; low birth weight is also highlighted as markedly increasing death risk.\"}]",1783303440,111,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"infant-mortality-within-cleveland-an-in-depth-analysis-20122015","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/infant-mortality-within-cleveland-an-in-depth-analysis-20122015/40122/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How does Cleveland’s infant mortality rate compare with the national average from 2012 to 2015?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Cleveland averages 12.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, double the national average of 6.0 during the same period.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What racial or ethnic disparities in infant mortality are reported for Cleveland?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Infant mortality is higher among Black infants (16.0 per 1,000) than among White infants (9.3) and Hispanic infants (10.3).",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which factors are most strongly linked to infant mortality in the report?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Preterm birth is described as the dominant association, with preterm infants about 5 times more likely to die than full-term infants; low birth weight is also highlighted as markedly increasing death risk.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]