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This paper compares the digital skills of teachers in public versus private schools in Punjab through a two-stage simple random sampling of 216 teachers. A self-developed instrument with nine digital-skill indicators was used, and instrument consistency and validity were confirmed. Results from t-test and ANOVA indicate differences between sectors, with private school teachers showing greater innovation in accessing digital skills, and recommendations focus on supporting public-sector teachers through training and cross-sector collaboration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/inequities-of-digital-skills-and-innovation-an-analysis-of-public-and-private-schools-in-punjab/596116/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/inequities-of-digital-skills-and-innovation-an-analysis-of-public-and-private-schools-in-punjab/596116.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the paper’s main purpose regarding digital skills?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It compares the digital skills and innovation of teachers in public and private schools in Punjab.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were teachers selected and how was digital skills measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study recruited 216 teachers using a two-stage simple random sampling method and assessed nine digital-skill indicators with a self-developed instrument.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results suggest about differences between public and private schools?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Public and private institutions differ in the use of digital skills, and private school teachers are more innovative in accessing digital skills.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596116,1792166199,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Bulletin of Education and Research August 2020, Vol. 42, No. 2 pp. 97-112  \nInequities of Digital Skills and Innovation: An Analysis of Public and Private Schools in Punjab  \nMuhammad Shabbir Ali*, Muhammad Naeem Ashraf** and Anila Yasmin ***  \nAbstract  \nTechnology has influenced instructional styles and enhanced learning opportunities for teachers. These innovative trends enable teachers in developing self-motivated and effective learning environments. The present paper carries out a comparison between the teachers of public and private schools about their digital skills. The researchers recruited 216 teachers from both sectors through two stage simple random sampling method. The data was composed by employing selfdeveloped instrument having 9 indicators of digital skills. However , the consistency and validity of research instrument was confirmed while results were reported performing t-test and ANOVA. The findings show that public and private institutes mostly vary regarding the use of digital skills. It was also noted that private school teachers were more innovative in accessing digital skills. The paper suggests that initiatives may be taken to develop interest in public sector teachers regarding practice of technology moreover the government can also collaborate with private sector to learn from their digital experiences and train teachers from public sector.  \nKeywords: Technological skills, innovations, comparison of teachers’ digital skills  \n* Assistant Professor (Education), University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Email: [shabbir.alisaleemi@ue.edu.pk](shabbir.alisaleemi@ue.edu.pk)  \n** Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government Postgraduate College Samundri, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan  \n*** Lecturer, Department of Education, Government College for Women Peermahal, TTS, Punjab, Pakistan  \nIntroduction  \nEducation is regarded as a fundamental process for the future of an individual and society. In this renewal process, huge developments have been experienced in the educational technology; especially the digital media has played crucial role in enriching and increasing productivity of teachers and learners. The major intention of education is to modify the behavior of an individual through critical thinking and dynamic involvement of the learner. It can only be possible with highly skilled teachers, availability of school facilities and other required resources.  \nThe quality of education provided by an institute is of great concern that depends upon the availability of resources. Overall school facilities determine the teaching as well as learning environment. Quality education can only be attained when the educational facilities are properly available, functional and utilized properly. In view of the fact that such quality depends on faith in teachers for conveying high-quality education (Sahlberg, 2010) . With the introduction of laptops, tablets and smart phones, the teaching learning patterns have been changed and become innovative. Teachers have to be digitally skilled and trained in utilizing such technology in good manners to ensure effective teaching learning process. Moreover teachers are required to be professionally and digitally competent to grip digital technology in all situations either in personal or professional capacity (Lund et al., 2014) .  \nIn this current age of student centered learning environment, there is a need of new kinds of teaching methods that can sustain students’ abilities to build up the problem solving skills, make them critical thinker and improve communication skills by utilizing digital technology (Saavedra & Opfer, 2012) . No doubt ICT and information literacy are the most demanding skills of 21st century. The development and expansion of information and communication technology (ICT) is making its way to digitally equipped education environments in the whole world (UNESCO, 2003) . The learning process using ICT is assisted by the text, images, audios","cbCaibjVBB6FhBt5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibjVBB6FhBt5","pdf",393760,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Digital skills and educational technology\n## ICT, digital literacy, and student performance\n## Public and private sector roles in education","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main purpose regarding digital skills?\",\"answer\":\"It compares the digital skills and innovation of teachers in public and private schools in Punjab.\"},{\"question\":\"How were teachers selected and how was digital skills measured?\",\"answer\":\"The study recruited 216 teachers using a two-stage simple random sampling method and assessed nine digital-skill indicators with a self-developed instrument.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about differences between public and private schools?\",\"answer\":\"Public and private institutions differ in the use of digital skills, and private school teachers are more innovative in accessing digital skills.\"}]","Inequities of Digital Skills and Innovation - An Analysis of Public and Private Schools in Punjab | PDF",1792082471]