[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-608593-105":59,"doc-detail-608593-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","industrial-policy-in-the-21st-century-pragmatic-theory-and-policy-intervention","Industrial Policy in the 21st Century - Pragmatic Theory and Policy Intervention","","Industrial policy returns to the centre of policy debate as the world economy undergoes major transformations. The article develops a new theory of industrial policy by integrating neglected themes such as commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management. It then revises the theory in response to new realities including the rise of global value chains, financialization, and new imperialism, aiming to guide pragmatic policy intervention.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/industrial-policy-in-the-21st-century-pragmatic-theory-and-policy-intervention/608593/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/industrial-policy-in-the-21st-century-pragmatic-theory-and-policy-intervention/608593.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main contribution of the article on industrial policy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It develops a new theory of industrial policy that incorporates issues previously neglected in the debate and revises the theory in light of recent economic changes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which neglected themes does the article integrate into its industrial policy theory?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It focuses on commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the theory change considering recent global economic realities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article modifies the theory to account for the rise of global value chains, financialization, and new imperialism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},608593,1792323947,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Focus  \n\n| Industrial Policy in the 21st Century\u003Cbr>Ha-Joon Chang  and Antonio Andreoni  |\n| --- |\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Industrial policy is back at the centre stage of policy debate, while the world is undergoing dramatic transformations. This article contributes to the debate by developing a new theory of industrial policy, incorporating some issues that have been neglected so far and taking into account the recentchanges in economic reality. The authors explore how the incorporation of some of the neglected issues—commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management—changes the theory. They then examine how the theory of industrial policy should be modified in light of recent changes in economic reality: the rise of the global value chain, financialization and new imperialism. This contribution aims at promoting a pragmatic approach to industrial policy and pointing to new areas for policy intervention in a changing world.\u003Cbr>INTRODUCTION\u003Cbr>Over the last decade, the perception ofindustrial policy has taken anunanticipated turn. After the very heated debate from the late 1970sto the mid-1980s, prompted by the success of Japanese and other East Asian industrial policy practices, the debate on industrial policy had lapsed into three decades of ideologically motivated wilful neglect (see Chang, 2011, for a review of the early debate) . In spite of significant progress in our theoretical and empirical knowledge in the area, ‘industrial policy’ became a phrase that one did not utter in polite company. Unexpectedly, however, industrial policy is now back in fashion, both in academia but also, more importantly, in the real world. |\n\nThe authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for their feedback on an earlier draft of this article.  \nDevelopment and Change 0(0): 1–28 . DOI: 10.1111/dech.12570  \n 2020 International Institute of Social Studies.  \n2 Ha-Joon Chang and Antonio Andreoni  \nIn academia, while the vast majority of mainstream economists are still at best sceptical and at worst downright hostile towards industrial policy, prominent mainstream (neoclassical) economists like Joseph Stiglitz, Dani Rodrik and Justin Lin have openly come out in favour of industrial policy. Although these economists are very careful not to deviate from the neoclassical framework and often emphatically distance themselves from the old-style industrial policy, especially tariff protection, the mere fact that they have explicitly supported industrial policy has opened the possibility for the debate to be far less ideological and thus more productive (see Lin and Chang, 2009, for an example of a less ideological debate) .  \nIn the real world, since the 2008 financial crisis many leading economies have become more willing to recognize the value of industrial policy and have taken measures to strengthen it — the USA and Germany are the most prominent examples (Andreoni, 2016; Mazzucato, 2013) . Following the end of the China-driven commodity boom, many developing countries, which had been busy dismantling their industrial policies during the 1980sand the 1990s, have realized that they need industrial policy if they are to upgrade their economies. Many middle-income countries in Asia and some in Latin America now talk of industrial policy as a tool to overcome the‘middle-income trap’(see Felipe, 2015; Noman and Stiglitz, 2016) . The oil economies in the Gulf region have started talking about industrial policy asa tool for economic diversification (Cherif and Hasanov, 2014) . Even the African economies talk about it in their attempt to get out of poverty (Changet al., 2016; Kanbur et al., 2019; Noman and Stiglitz, 2015) .  \nGiven these recent changes, a new, less ideologically charged debate on industrial policy is urgently needed. This article aims to contribute to this effort neither by revisiting the classic debate on industrial policy of the 1990s, centred around the East Asia","cbCaijXZ4I4Pi0AE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijXZ4I4Pi0AE","pdf",236503,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Industrial policy’s changing reception\n## Need for a less ideologically charged debate\n## Key neglected issues and theoretical modification","[{\"question\":\"What is the main contribution of the article on industrial policy?\",\"answer\":\"It develops a new theory of industrial policy that incorporates issues previously neglected in the debate and revises the theory in light of recent economic changes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which neglected themes does the article integrate into its industrial policy theory?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the theory change considering recent global economic realities?\",\"answer\":\"The article modifies the theory to account for the rise of global value chains, financialization, and new imperialism.\"}]","Industrial Policy in the 21st Century - Pragmatic Theory and Policy Intervention | PDF",1792272818,71]