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It introduces situationism as one view of how behavior is shaped by external circumstances, alongside the role of personal traits. The text defines assessment as the measurement and evaluation of psychological attributes using scientific procedures and outlines formal versus informal assessment. 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They address how and why people differ.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does situationism explain human behaviour?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Situationism states that situations and circumstances influence one’s behaviour. Even individuals with different personality traits may respond similarly under strong situational influences.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is psychological assessment and how is it done?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Psychological assessment measures and evaluates psychological attributes using scientific procedures and often multiple methods with standards for comparison. It can be formal (objective and standardized) or informal (varies by case and assessor).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},294686,1790023501,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","VARIATIONS IN PSYCHOL0GICALATTRIBITES  \n12123CH01  \n1  \nAfter reading this chapter,you would be able to:  \nJ understand psychological attributes on which people differ from each other,J learn about different methods that are used to assess psychological attributes,J explain what constitutes intelligent behaviour,  \nJ learn how psychologists assess intelligence to identify mentally challengedand gifted individuals,  \nunderstand how intelligence has different meaning in different cultures,andunderstand the difference between intelligence and aptitude.  \nIntroduction  \nIndividual Differences in Human FunctioningAssessment of Psychological AttributesIntelligence  \nTheories of Intelligence  \nTheory of Multiple IntelligencesTriarchic Theory of Intelligence  \nPlanning,Attention-arousal,and Simultaneous-successive Model of IntelligenceIndividual Differences in IntelligenceVariations of Intelligence  \nCONTENTS  \nSome Misuses of Intelligence Tests(Box 1.1)Culture and IntelligenceEmotional IntelligenceCharacteristics of Emotionally IntelligentPersons (Box 1.2)  \nKey TermsSummaryReview QuestionsProject IdeasWeblinksPedagogical Hints  \nSpecial Abilities  \nAptitude:Nature and MeasurementCreativity  \nIf you observe your friends,classmates or relatives,you will find how theydiffer from each other in the manner they perceive,learn,and think,asalso in their performance on various tasks.Such individual differences canbe noticed in everywalkoflife.That people differ from one anotheris obvious.In Class XI,you have learnt about psychological principles that are appliedto understand human behaviour.We also need to know how people differ;what brings about these differences,and how such differences can beassessed.You will recall how one ofthe main concerns ofmodern psychologyhas been the study of individual differences from the time of Galton.Thischapter will introduce you to some of the fundamentals of individualdifferences.  \nIntroduction  \nOne of the most popular psychological attributes which has been ofinterest to psychologists is Intelligence.People differ from each other intheir ability to understand complex ideas,adapt to environment,learn fromexperience,engage in variousforms ofreasoning,and to overcome obstacles.In this chapter;you will study the nature ofintelligence,changing definitionsof intelligence,cultural differences in intelligence,range and variations inthe intellectual competencies of people,and the nature of special abilitiesor aptitudes.  \nexemplifies a typical combination ofvarious traits.The question which you maylike to pose is how and why people differ.This,in fact,is the subject matter of thestudy of individual differences.Forpsychologists,individual differences refer todistinctiveness and variations amongpeople's characteristics and behaviourpatterns.  \n# INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HUMANFUNCTIONING\n\nIndividual variations are common withinand across all species.Variations addcolour and beauty to nature.For amoment,think of a world around youwhere each and every object is of the samecolour,say red or blue or green.How wouldthe world appear to you?Certainly not abeautiful one!Would you prefer to live insuch a world?In all likelihood,youranswer will be ‘no'.Like objects,people toopossess different combinations of traits.  \nWhile many psychologists believe thatour behaviours are influenced by ourpersonal traits,some others hold the viewthat our behaviours are influenced more bysituational factors.This latter view isknown as situationism,which states thatsituations and circumstances in which oneis placed influence one's behaviour.Aperson,who is generally aggressive,maybehave in a submissive manner in thepresence of her/his top boss.Sometimes,the situational influences are so powerfulthat individuals with differing personalitytraits respond to them in almost the sameways.The situationist perspective viewshuman behaviour relatively more as a resultof influence of external factors.  \nVariability is a fact of nature,andindividuals are","cbCaicmiSn4pkmzi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicmiSn4pkmzi","pdf",2216812,22,"English","# INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN FUNCTIONING\n# ASSESSMENT OF PsYCHOLOGICALATTRIBUTES\n# Some Domains of PsychologicalAttributes","[{\"question\":\"What does individual differences mean in psychology?\",\"answer\":\"Individual differences refer to distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behaviour patterns. They address how and why people differ.\"},{\"question\":\"How does situationism explain human behaviour?\",\"answer\":\"Situationism states that situations and circumstances influence one’s behaviour. Even individuals with different personality traits may respond similarly under strong situational influences.\"},{\"question\":\"What is psychological assessment and how is it done?\",\"answer\":\"Psychological assessment measures and evaluates psychological attributes using scientific procedures and often multiple methods with standards for comparison. It can be formal (objective and standardized) or informal (varies by case and assessor).\"}]","INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN FUNCTIONING - Chapter 1 - Psychological Attributes Assessment | PDF",1789698214,55]