[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-594896-105":59,"doc-detail-594896-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","indigenous-perspectives-on-formal-schooling","Indigenous Perspectives on Formal Schooling","","Indigenous people in Canada have faced severe hardships and injustices, including the forcible placement of children into residential schools for about a century. These institutions damaged families and Indigenous language and culture, and later fostered further harm through practices such as the Sixties Scoop. While the current educational system may still perpetuate disconnection, formal education can become a catalyst for healing if curricula are revised to include and integrate Indigenous perspectives.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/indigenous-perspectives-on-formal-schooling/594896/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/indigenous-perspectives-on-formal-schooling/594896.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What were residential schools, and what impact did they have on Indigenous children?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Residential schools forcibly incarcerated young Indigenous children in government-sanctioned, Church-run facilities. The experience removed language, culture, and family connections and subjected many students to abuse and life-threatening conditions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the Sixties Scoop?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The Sixties Scoop refers to the period in the 1960s when thousands of Indigenous children were taken from their homes and placed with non-Indigenous foster families under the claim of protection.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can formal education contribute to healing today?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Formal education can support healing if curricula are changed to infuse and include Indigenous perspectives rather than continuing disconnection between Indigenous perspectives and formal schooling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594896,1792120339,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Indigenous Perspectives on Formal Schooling  \nAlana White  \nAbstract  \nThe Indigenous people of Canada have endured great hardships and injustices in the past that have greatly affected them as a people and as individuals. For about a century, the young and innocent were taken from their homes and communities and placed in residential schools. The formal educational system of the past failed many students, harmed many others, and attempted to destroy families and Indigenous language and culture. Today, formal education can be the catalyst for healing, if changes are made to curricula to infuse and include Indigenous perspectives.  \nThe Indigenous people of Canada have suffered many assaults at the hands of government and educational leaders, with intergenerational effects that are still evident today. Possibly, the most purposely detrimental experience that the young had to endure was the residential school experience. Residential school violations to the structure of family, and of the mind, the body, and the soul were life changing and life threatening (Fontaine, 2010, p. 138) . When the residential schools began to close in the 1960s, a new way to separate the young from their families reared its ugly head. The taking away of the children and placing them in foster care during the Sixties Scoop is another attack that the Indigenous people have experienced at the hands of the Canadian Government (Gray, 2013, p. 66) . Because of the loss of their identity, the impacts of these acts still exist in the form of poverty and homelessness. Additionally, Canada’s first people still experience many forms of racism. The current educational system and curricula may, to some extent, continue to perpetuate the disconnect between Indigenous perspectivesand formal schooling.  \nResidential Schools  \nOne of the darkest marks on Canadian history is the institutionalization of young Indigenous children in residential schools. The mandatory incarceration of these students into the government-sanctioned, Church-run facilities was unfair and unjust. It stunted the growth of the child as an Indigenous person by taking away the child’s language, culture, and family connections. Education had always been integral to the Indigenous peoples’ culture. As a child grew older, more people of the family and community would become influential in the child’s learning. This learning occurred in the context of regular daily life, in the natural environment using nature, stories, song, tradition, ceremony and the seven teachings as the foundation for the child’s growth and balance spiritually, emotionally, mentally and physically (Raven & Bjarnadottir, 2013) . However, this epistemology was not valued by the white settlers as“education,” and this differing opinion became an acceptable excuse to remove the children from their homes and communities under the guise of education, when in fact ulterior motives existed.  \nThere did not seem to be just one purpose for the residential school system. Christensen (2013) described aggressive cultural assimilation as a key objective, and pointed out that “a parallel objective was to facilitate the displacement of Indigenous people from their land” (p. 811) . She described the education that the children received at the residential schools as inadequate. A part of the teachings was to undermine the family and community by coercing the children to be ashamed of their languages and cultures. These children were also often victims of all forms of abuse and were frequently separated from their siblings and extended family by miles, which ensured that little to no communication of the atrocities could take place. The conditions and the actions endured by the Indigenous children at the schools had long-term  \neffects not only on those children who survived the experience, but also on future families and their relationships. It is difficult to learn how to love and communicate when the opportunity to experience them has been denie","cbCaihuQOvXaP8Cv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihuQOvXaP8Cv","pdf",147281,"English","# Abstract\n## Residential Schools\n## The Sixties Scoop and Child and Family Services","[{\"question\":\"What were residential schools, and what impact did they have on Indigenous children?\",\"answer\":\"Residential schools forcibly incarcerated young Indigenous children in government-sanctioned, Church-run facilities. The experience removed language, culture, and family connections and subjected many students to abuse and life-threatening conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the Sixties Scoop?\",\"answer\":\"The Sixties Scoop refers to the period in the 1960s when thousands of Indigenous children were taken from their homes and placed with non-Indigenous foster families under the claim of protection.\"},{\"question\":\"How can formal education contribute to healing today?\",\"answer\":\"Formal education can support healing if curricula are changed to infuse and include Indigenous perspectives rather than continuing disconnection between Indigenous perspectives and formal schooling.\"}]","Indigenous Perspectives on Formal Schooling | PDF",1792080048,15]