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The document explains how Indigenous Peoples’ Day reframes Native peoples as the first inhabitants of the Americas and calls on Americans to rethink history through education and more accurate narratives.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lifestyle/","Lifestyle",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/indigenous-peoples-day-rethinking-american-history-smithsonian-voices/605370/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/indigenous-peoples-day-rethinking-american-history-smithsonian-voices/605370.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Theodore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-16",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main purpose of Indigenous Peoples’ Day in the document?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It recognizes Native peoples as the first inhabitants of the Americas and urges Americans to rethink history.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did Columbus Day become an official national holiday according to the text?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It describes Columbus Day’s origins in the late 1800s, its first national observance in 1934, and later officialization as October 12, then the second Monday in October after 1972.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why did Native people and supporters advocate replacing Columbus Day?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The document connects the colonial takeovers starting with Columbus to the deaths of millions of Native people and forced assimilation, noting ongoing protests across generations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},605370,1792633550,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},10,"lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":124,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":101},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","National Museum of the American Indian  \nSmithsonian Voices | National Museum of the American Indian  \nIndigenous Peoples’ Day: Rethinking American History  \nOctober 7th, 2018, 9:00PM / BY Dennis W. Zotigh and Renee Gokey  \n[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-american-indian/2018/10/08/indigenous-peoples-day-2018/ 1/4](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-american-indian/2018/10/08/indigenous-peoples-day-2018/ 1/4)  \nSarah Shear (left), assistant professor of Social Studies Education, Penn State University, and teachers  \nworking with students from kindergarten through high school take part in an Indigenous People’s  \nCurriculum Day and Teach-In presented by Teaching for Change and the National Museum of the  \nAmerican Indian. September 2018, Washington, D.C. (© Rick Reinhard)  \n“The most American thing about America is American Indians.” —Paul Chaat Smith (Comanche)  \nThe first documented observance of Columbus Day in the United States took place in New York City in 1792, on the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s landfall in the Western Hemisphere. The holiday originated as an annual celebration of Italian–American heritage in San Francisco in 1869. In 1934, at the request of the Knights of Columbus and New York City’s Italian community, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared the first national observance of Columbus Day. President Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress made October 12 a national holiday in  \n1937. In 1972 President Richard Nixon signed a proclamation making the official date of the holiday the second Monday in October.  \nIn the forefront of the minds of many Native people throughout the Western Hemisphere, however, is the fact the colonial takeovers of the Americas, starting with Columbus, led to the deaths of millions of Native people and the forced assimilation of survivors. Generations of Native people have protested Columbus Day. In 1977, for example, participants at the United Nations International Conference on Discrimination against Indigenous Populations in the Americas proposed that Indigenous Peoples’ Day replace Columbus Day.  \nIndigenous Peoples’ Day recognizes that Native people are the first inhabitants of the Americas, including the lands that later became the United States of America. And it urges Americans to rethink history.  \nThe movement to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day has gained momentum and spread to states, cities, and towns across the United States. The first state to rename Columbus Day was South Dakota in 1990. Hawai’i has also changed the name of its October 12 holiday to Discovers’ Day in honor of the Polynesian navigators who peopled the islands. Berkeley, California, became the first city to make the change in 1992, when the city council renamed Columbus Day as Indigenous Peoples’ Day. In 2015 an estimated 6,000 Native people and their supporters gathered at Randall’s Island, New York, to recognize the survival of the Indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The demonstration’s success and the worldwide media attention it attracted planted the seeds for creating an Indigenous Peoples’ Day in New York City.  \nThe following states now observe Native American or Indigenous Peoples’ Day:  \n Alaska  \n Hawai'i  \n Minnesota  \n Oregon  \n South Dakota  \n Vermont  \nCities have often led the way, including:  \n Anchorage, Alaska  \n Flagstaff and Phoenix, Arizona  \n Berkeley, Burbank, Long Beach, Los Angeles, San Fernando, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville, California  \n Boulder, Denver, and Durango, Colorado  \n Moscow, Idaho  \n Evanston and Oak Park, Illinois  \n Davenport and Iowa City, Iowa  \n Lawrence and Wichita, Kansas  \n Berea, Brodhead, Burnside, Corbin, Crab Orchard, Frankfort, Harrodsburg, Hopkinsville, Junction City, Lancaster, Liberty, Livingston, London, Louisville, Mt. Vernon, Perryville, Prestonsburg, Richmond, Russell Springs, Science Hill, Somerset, Springfield, Stanford, and Taylorsville, Kentucky  \n[","cbCaidK3JeJqafx8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidK3JeJqafx8","pdf",841733,"English","# Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Rethinking American History\n## Columbus Day origins and officialization\n## Protests and the push to replace Columbus Day\n## What Indigenous Peoples’ Day emphasizes\n## Adoption across states and cities\n## Education and curriculum efforts","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of Indigenous Peoples’ Day in the document?\",\"answer\":\"It recognizes Native peoples as the first inhabitants of the Americas and urges Americans to rethink history.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Columbus Day become an official national holiday according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"It describes Columbus Day’s origins in the late 1800s, its first national observance in 1934, and later officialization as October 12, then the second Monday in October after 1972.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Native people and supporters advocate replacing Columbus Day?\",\"answer\":\"The document connects the colonial takeovers starting with Columbus to the deaths of millions of Native people and forced assimilation, noting ongoing protests across generations.\"}]","Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Rethinking American History - Smithsonian Voices | PDF",1792132133]