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\nEstimated bachelor’s degree attainment by age 24 for dependent family members by family income quartile: 1970 to 2020  \nWhen will the U. S . close the gap in higher education attainment by family income?  \n70%  \n60%  \n50%  \n40%  \n30%  \n20%  \n10%  \n0%  \n Bottom (Lowest) Quartile  2nd Quartile  3rd Quartile  4th (Highest) Quartile  \nThe Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education of the Council for Opportunity in Education (COE)  \nconducts and disseminates research and policy analysis to encourage policymakers, educators, and the public to improve educational opportunities and outcomes of low-income,  \nfirst-generation students, and students with disabilities. The Pell Institute is sponsored by the Council for Opportunity in Education (COE). The Pell Institute shares the mission of the Council to advance and defend the ideal of equal opportunity in postsecondary education. As such, the focus of the Council is to ensure that the least advantaged segments of the American population have a realistic chance to enter and graduate from a  \npostsecondary institution.  \n[www.pellinstitute.org](www.pellinstitute.org)  \nAlliance for Higher Education and Democracy, University of Pennsylvania (PennAHEAD)  \nis dedicated to advancing higher education policy and practices that foster open, equitable, and democratic societies. Drawing on the intellectual resources of the University of Pennsylvania and a global alliance of higher education and academic leaders, Penn AHEAD achieves its mission by creating knowledge, improving practice, and building capacity. Through engagement with policymakers, institutional leaders, scholars, and practitioners, AHEAD produces research and applies research-based knowledge to address the most pressing issues pertaining to the public purposes of higher education in the U.S. and across  \nthe globe.  \n[www.ahead-penn.org](www.ahead-penn.org)  \nCONTENTS  \n6  \n15  \n55  \n102  \n127  \n151  \n192  \n238  \n246  \n287  \n291  \n297  \nINTRODUCTION  \nSETTING THE STAGE  \nWhat Are the Contexts for Examining Equity in Postsecondary Education in the United States?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 1  \nWho Enrolls in Postsecondary Education?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 2  \nWhat Types of Postsecondary Educational Institutions Do Students Attend?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 3  \nDo Financial Aid and Differences in College Cost Eliminate the Barriers to College Equity?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 4  \nHow Do Students in the United States Pay for College?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 5  \nHow Do Educational Attainment Rates and Outcomes Vary by Student Characteristics?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 6  \nHow Does Tertiary Educational Attainment and Spending in the U.S. Compare with Other Countries?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 7  \nThe Federal TRIO Programs: Who, What, Where, When, Why and How Does TRIO Work?  \nWHAT DOES IT MEAN? The Search for Solutions-Shared Dialogues Essays  \nThe Right to Higher Education: Key Challenges in the U.S. Context and Suggested Principles in a Global Context  \nby Margaret Cahalan  \nPell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education  \nREFERENCES AND RESOURCES  \nAPPENDIX A  \nAdditional Figures and Methodological Notes  \nDEDICATION & SPONSORS  \nSPECIAL DEDICATION  \nARNOLD MITCHEM & TOM MORTENSON  \nThe 2022 Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States report is once again dedicated to Arnold Mitchem and Tom Mortenson. Without the work of these two individuals, the report would not have been possible. Both have dedicated their careers to creating greater equity in educational opportunity. By producing this 2022 volume and continuing the Search for Solutions Shared Dialogues, we honor the legacy of their work and the seeds they have sown for increasing equity in higher education opportunity and outcomes in the United States.  \nSPECIAL THANKS FOR SUPPORT FROM:  \nThe Pell Institute and PennAHEAD thank the Lumina Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Fo","cbCaiu1lomEJceMg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu1lomEJceMg","pdf",9083664,320,"English","# Introduction\n## Setting the Stage\n## Equity Indicator 1\n## Equity Indicator 2\n## Equity Indicator 3\n## Equity Indicator 4\n## Equity Indicator 5\n## Equity Indicator 6\n## Equity Indicator 7\n## The Federal TRIO Programs\n## What Does It Mean? The Search for Solutions-Shared Dialogues Essays\n## The Right to Higher Education\n## References and Resources\n## Appendix A\n## Additional Figures and Methodological Notes","[{\"question\":\"What primary equity outcome does the report track over time?\",\"answer\":\"It estimates bachelor’s degree attainment by age 24 for dependent family members, comparing results by family income quartile across 1970 to 2020.\"},{\"question\":\"Which equity dimensions do the report’s indicators cover?\",\"answer\":\"The indicators address enrollment, the types of postsecondary institutions students attend, how financial aid and college costs affect barriers, how students pay for college, and how attainment rates vary by student characteristics.\"},{\"question\":\"How do TRIO programs factor into the report?\",\"answer\":\"A dedicated section explains who the Federal TRIO programs serve, what they are, where they operate, and the mechanisms for how TRIO works, including when and why they operate.\"}]","INDICATORS OF HIGHER EDUCATION EQUITY IN THE UNITED STATES - 2022 HISTORICAL TREND REPORT | PDF",1792059294,806]