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The report frames equity indicators that track who participates in postsecondary education, where students attend, how financial aid affects college affordability, and how students pay for college. It also compares educational attainment patterns and early income outcomes across groups, times, and—through an international lens—other countries. Included research and policy collaboration describes supporting institutions, data sources, methodology notes, acknowledgements, and dedication.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/indicators-of-higher-education-equity-in-the-united-states-2017-historical-trend-report/586449/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/indicators-of-higher-education-equity-in-the-united-states-2017-historical-trend-report/586449.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the report’s central question about U.S. higher education equity?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It asks when the United States will close the gap in higher education attainment by family income.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the report measure equity across students’ education experience?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses multiple equity indicators covering enrollment, the type of postsecondary institution students attend, financial barriers and aid, and how students pay for college.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which organizations conduct and support the research described in the report?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education and the Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy (PennAHEAD) are central collaborators, and the report also acknowledges support from the Travelers Foundation and Lumina Foundation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586449,1792166207,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","INDICATORS  \nOF HIGHER EDUCATION EQUITY IN THE UNITED STATES  \n30%  \n20%  \n10%  \n0%  \n15%  \n11%  \n6%  \nFourth (Highest) Quartile, 58%  \nThird Quartile, 35%  \nSecond Quartile, 20%  \nFirst (Lowest) Quartile, 12%  \n1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020  \n First (Lowest) Quartile  Second Quartile  Third Quartile  Fourth (Highest) Quartile  \n2017 HISTORICAL TREND REPORT  \nWhen will the U. S. close the gap in higher education attainment by family income?  \n70%  \n60%  \n50%  \n40% 40%  \nEstimates of Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 for Dependent Family Members by Family Income Quartile: 1970 to 2015  \nThe Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education  \nconducts and disseminates research and policy analysis to encourage policymakers, educators, and the public to improve educational opportunities and outcomes of low-income,  \nfirst-generation students, and students with disabilities. The Pell Institute is sponsored by the Council for Opportunity in Education (COE) . The Pell Institute shares the mission of the Council to advance and defend the ideal of equal opportunity in postsecondary education. As such, the focus of the Council is to ensure that the least advantaged segments of the American population have a realistic chance to enter and graduate from a  \npostsecondary institution.  \n[www.pellinstitute.org](www.pellinstitute.org)  \nAlliance for Higher Education and Democracy, University of Pennsylvania (PennAHEAD)  \nis dedicated to advancing higher education policy and practice that foster open, equitable, and democratic societies. Drawing on the intellectual resources of the University of Pennsylvania and a global alliance of higher education and academic leaders, PennAHEAD achieves its mission by creating knowledge, improving practice, and building capacity. Through engagement with policymakers, institutional leaders, scholars, and practitioners, AHEAD produces research and applies researchbased knowledge to address the most pressing issues pertaining to the public purposes of higher education in the U.S. and across  \nthe globe.  \n[www.ahead-penn.org](www.ahead-penn.org)  \nCONTENTS  \n6  \n22  \n38  \n52  \n64  \n74  \n90  \n94  \n95  \n103  \n111  \nINTRODUCTION  \nSetting the Stage  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 1  \nWho Enrolls in Postsecondary Education?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 2  \nWhat Type of Postsecondary Educational Institution Do Students Attend?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 3  \nDoes Financial Aid Eliminate the Financial Barriers to Paying College Costs?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 4  \nHow Do Students in the United States Pay for College?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 5  \nHow Do Educational Attainment Rates and Early Income Outcomes Vary by Family Characteristics?  \nEQUITY INDICATOR 6  \nHow Does Educational Attainment in the U.S. Compare with Other Countries?  \nWHAT DOES IT MEAN? THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS-SHARED DIALOGUES ESSAY  \nThe Geography of College Attainment: Dismantling Rural “Disadvantage”  \nRoman Ruiz and Laura W. Perna  \nREFERENCES  \nAPPENDIX A  \nAdditional Methodological Notes and Figures  \nDEDICATION & SPONSORS  \nSPECIAL DEDICATION  \nARNOLD MITCHEM & TOM MORTENSON  \nThe 2017 Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States report is dedicated to Arnold Mitchem and Tom Mortenson. Without the very different work of these two individuals, the report would not have been possible. Both have dedicated their work lives to creating greater equity in educational opportunity. By producing this 2017 volume and continuing the Equity of Postsecondary Opportunity Shared Dialogues, we honor the legacy of their work and the seeds they have sown for increasing equity of higher education opportunity in the United States.  \nSPECIAL THANKS FOR SUPPORT FROM:  \nThe Pell Institute and PennAHEAD would like to thank the Travelers Foundation and Lumina Foundation for their financial support of the 2017 Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States report and the accompanying Search for Solutions Shared Dialogues. While we heartil","cbCaieIcKprQ3Twg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieIcKprQ3Twg","pdf",7627208,124,"English","# Introduction\n## Setting the Stage\n# Equity Indicator 1\n## Who Enrolls in Postsecondary Education?\n# Equity Indicator 2\n## What Type of Postsecondary Educational Institution Do Students Attend?\n# Equity Indicator 3\n## Does Financial Aid Eliminate the Financial Barriers to Paying College Costs?\n# Equity Indicator 4\n## How Do Students in the United States Pay for College?\n# Equity Indicator 5\n## How Do Educational Attainment Rates and Early Income Outcomes Vary by Family Characteristics?\n# Equity Indicator 6\n## How Does Educational Attainment in the U.S. Compare with Other Countries?\n# What Does It Mean? The Search for Solutions - Shared Dialogues Essay\n## The Geography of College Attainment: Dismantling Rural “Disadvantage”","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s central question about U.S. higher education equity?\",\"answer\":\"It asks when the United States will close the gap in higher education attainment by family income.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report measure equity across students’ education experience?\",\"answer\":\"It uses multiple equity indicators covering enrollment, the type of postsecondary institution students attend, financial barriers and aid, and how students pay for college.\"},{\"question\":\"Which organizations conduct and support the research described in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education and the Alliance for Higher Education and Democracy (PennAHEAD) are central collaborators, and the report also acknowledges support from the Travelers Foundation and Lumina Foundation.\"}]","Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States - 2017 Historical Trend Report | PDF",1792057947,312]