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Summarizes core religious ideas across Hinduism and Buddhism, outlines the caste system, and highlights cultural and scientific contributions such as mathematics and textiles, ending with review questions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/india-a-quick-overview-of-indian-history-student-handouts/613230/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/india-a-quick-overview-of-indian-history-student-handouts/613230.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"After 1947, India split into which three separate countries?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Which two ancient Indus River Valley civilizations were discovered in the early 1900s?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What language were the Vedas written in?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The Vedas were written in Sanskrit.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},613230,1792401610,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":142,"read_time":143},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \nINDIA  \nA Quick Overview of Indian History  \n© Student Handouts. Inc.  \nFYI:  \n• Historically, India’s geographic boundaries were bigger than they are today  \nBangladesh + India + Pakistan = India  \n• Bangladesh and Pakistan did not exist as separate countries until after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947  \n• “Northwest India” generally means Pakistan  \n• Ancient Indian cities, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, are located in what is now Pakistan  \nIndia’s Geography  \n• As large as Europe, minus Russia  \n• Population: 1.15 billion (2010 estimate)  \n– Second only to China  \n• Himalayan Mountains (northeast)  \n– Separate India from Tibet and western China  \n• Northwest  \n– Historic route of land invasions  \n• Alexander the Great, Mughals  \n• Indian Ocean (route of British conquest)  \n• Climate  \n– Hot (except in highlands)  \n– Land – very fertile to semi-desert  \nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nGanges and Indus River Valleys  \n• Northern India  \n• Early 1900s  \n– Archaeologists discovered ruins of Mohenjo-daro (circa 2600 BCE) and Harappa (circa 2600 BCE)  \n• Bronze and copper  \n• Fired brick  \n• Picture writing (undeciphered)  \n• Farming, jewelry-making, and woven cloth  \n• Engineering – drainage systems  \n• Civilization ended circa 1900 BCE  \nAryan Invasion (ca. 1700-1300 BCE)  \n• Invaders came from Europe  \n– Traced through Indo-European language roots  \n• Ruled India for hundreds of years  \n• Set up small kingdoms ruled by rajahs  \n• Conquered native Dravidians  \n• Created modern Hinduism from Dravidian religious traditions and their own ideas  \n• Established India’s caste system  \nVedic Age (circa 1500-500 BCE)  \n• Vedas written in Sanskrit (India’s literary language)  \n• Mahabharata  \n• Ramayana  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \nAlexander the Great  \n(ca. 327/326 BCE)  \n• Macedonian (Greek) who led conquering forces across northern India  \n• Ruled briefly  \n• Greeks expelled from most of India after Alexander’s death  \n• Continued contact with Alexandrian successor state, the Seleucid empire, to the west  \nMaurya Empire (322-185 BCE)  \n• Dynasty begun by Chandragupta Maurya  \n• Asoka (grandson), 273-232 BCE  \n– Ruled all of India  \n– Converted to Buddhism  \n– Religious tolerance, generosity, wisdom, and kindness  \n– Spread Buddhism – Burma, Ceylon, Siam, Tibet  \n– War and disunity after his death  \nGupta Dynasty (320-467 CE)  \n• Northern India reunited  \n• Trade  \n– With West  \n– Burma, Indochina, Java, Sumatra  \n– Buddhism and Hinduism spread out  \n• Cultural diffusion  \nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \nMughal Empire (1526-1858)  \n• 12th century – Muslim invasion  \n• 1500 – Central Asians, led by Mughals (Moguls), established a kingdom in northern India  \n• Akbar (1556-1605)  \n– Conquest of central India  \n– Efficient and strong government  \n– Religious tolerance  \n– Business and commerce encouraged  \n• Architecture  \n– Forts, mosques, palaces, tombs  \n• Taj Mahal – Agra, India – Tomb for a Mogul emperor’s favorite wife  \nEnd of the Mughal Empire  \n• 17th century – empire crumbled  \n– Fighting between smaller kingdoms  \n– English, French, and Portuguese traders gained influence  \n• 1763 – Seven Years’ War  \n– English (British East India Company) won control of India from the French  \n– Taken over by the British government under Queen Victoria (British Raj, 1858-1947)  \n• Independent after World War II (1947)  \nHinduism  \n• Escape sins of life by attaining purity and perfection of the soul  \n• Caste system  \n– Process starts in lowest caste (Untouchables)  \n– Soul reincarnated in person of higher caste  \n– Must carry out duties of the caste  \n– Repeated rebirths  \n– Soul ultimately becomes perfect and merges with the soul of Brahma (principal god)  \nSlide 13  \nSlide 14  \nSlide 15  \nCastes  \n• Original castes  \n– Brahmin (priests)  \n– Warriors  \n– Farmers and traders  \n– Sudra (servants)  \n• Eventually divided by occupation into thousands of castes  \n– Lowest – the Untouchables  ","cbCaic7NdOYPOW55","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic7NdOYPOW55","pdf",214438,"English","# India\n## India’s Geography\n## Ganges and Indus River Valleys\n## Aryan Invasion\n## Vedic Age\n## Alexander the Great\n## Maurya Empire\n## Gupta Dynasty\n## Mughal Empire\n## End of the Mughal Empire\n## Hinduism\n## Castes\n## Buddhism\n## Culture, Art and Architecture\n## Science and Mathematics\n## Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"After 1947, India split into which three separate countries?\",\"answer\":\"Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.\"},{\"question\":\"Which two ancient Indus River Valley civilizations were discovered in the early 1900s?\",\"answer\":\"Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.\"},{\"question\":\"What language were the Vedas written in?\",\"answer\":\"The Vedas were written in Sanskrit.\"}]","India - A Quick Overview of Indian History - Student Handouts | PDF",1792385002,15]