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It outlines expectations for responsibilities such as record keeping under PHIPA, client service provisions, medication-related considerations, professional liability protection, advertising, and employment factors. The guideline also explains accountability for quality assurance participation and the need for appropriate legal and business advice to support compliance with applicable laws, including privacy, employment standards, and taxation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/independent-practice-practice-guideline-college-of-nurses-of-ontario/468967/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/independent-practice-practice-guideline-college-of-nurses-of-ontario/468967.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"8796093062539","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the College define nurses in independent practice?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Nurses in independent practice are self-employed to provide nursing services and/or operate their own nursing business. They may also provide direct or indirect effects on patient care or health care systems.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is required for record keeping in independent practice?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Nurses are accountable for documenting and maintaining their own client care records. Under PHIPA, nurses providing health care services may be considered health information custodians for related records.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What quality assurance obligations apply to independent practice?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Independent-practice nurses must participate in the College’s ongoing continued competence requirements through the QA (Quality Assurance) Program. The program includes reflective practice and ongoing self-assessment, and peer assessment may be involved due to the autonomous nature of the work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},468967,1791654116,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":66,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796093062539,"PRACTICE GUIDELINE  \nIndependent Practice  \nTable of Contents  \nIntroduction 3  Record keeping 4  Fees and services 4  Using, recommending, providing, or selling client-care products 5  Medication 6  Professional liability protection 6  Advertising 6  Employees 7   \nGlossary 8   \nReferences 9   \nSuggested reading 9   \nISBN 978-1-77116-172-5  \n© College of Nurses of Ontario, 2025.  \nCommercial or for-profit redistribution of this document in part or in whole is prohibited except with the written consent of CNO.  \nThis document may be reproduced in part or in whole for personal or educational use without permission, provided that:  \n􀂄 Due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced;  \n􀂄 CNO is identified as the source; and  \n􀂄 The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, CNO  \nFirst published 1986 as, Guidelines for RNs and RNAs in Private Nursing Practice. Revised 1991 as, Guidelines for RNs and RNAs in Independent Nursing Practice. Revised 2003 as Independent Practice (fact sheet) Updated 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009. Revised 2013 as Independent Practice (practice guideline) . Updated for Dispensing. Updated March 2019 p 3, updated Health Professional Corporation is an option, and not a requirement, for a nurse in independent practice. Updated 2021 for clarification on Health Professional Corporation. Updated April 2023 to amend bullet on charging fees in advance (978-1-77116-138-1) . Updated Dec. 2023 to include Registered Nurses (RNs) with precribing authority under Medication. Updated July 2025 to amend practice standard title in the Suggested Reading section.  \nCe fascicule existe en français sous le titre : Exercer la profession infirmière indépendamment  \n 3  \nPRACTICE GUIDELINE  \nUsing this document  \nPractice guidelines are documents that help nurses understand their responsibilities and legal obligations to enable them to make safe and ethical decisions when practising. They provide an outline of professional accountabilities and relevant legislation.  \nThis document describes the College of Nurses of Ontario’s practice expectations for nurses in independent practice. Use this document along with other relevant College practice documents.  \nBolded terms are defined in the glossary on page 7.  \nFor more information, see the references and suggested reading on page 8. All College practice documents are available [at](at www.cno.org/docs)[ ](at www.cno.org/docs)[www.cno.org/docs](at www.cno.org/docs).  \nIntroduction  \nThe College of Nurses of Ontario defines nurses in independent practice as those who are:  \n􀂃 self-employed for the purpose of providing nursing services, and/or  \n􀂃 operating their own nursing business.  \nUsing your nursing knowledge and expertise, you provide a wide range of services, including, but not limited to, direct nursing care, care coordination, consulting services and education. Your nursing practice is diverse and can include a direct or indirect effect on patient care or on health care systems.  \nIf you are a self-employed nurse in independent practice, you have options for incorporating your own business. These include incorporating with the Ontario or federal government. As a nurse, you also have the option of setting up a Health Professional Corporation with the College. It is not a requirement, but if you intend to set upa Health Professional Corporation you will need to be incorporated with the Ontario government. Regardless of which option you choose, you should discuss your situation with an accountant or lawyer to determine the best choice for you.  \nOperating a Health Professional Corporation involves the same professional and ethical obligations that all nurses have to patients.  \nYou are accountable for complying with the expectations in the College’s practice documents, as well as the laws that apply to your practice. As well, you are account","cbCaitKaQclJpsHR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitKaQclJpsHR","pdf",199925,"English","# Introduction\n## Record keeping\n## Fees and services\n## Using, recommending, providing, or selling client-care products\n## Medication\n## Professional liability protection\n## Advertising\n## Employees\n## Glossary\n## References\n## Suggested reading","[{\"question\":\"How does the College define nurses in independent practice?\",\"answer\":\"Nurses in independent practice are self-employed to provide nursing services and/or operate their own nursing business. They may also provide direct or indirect effects on patient care or health care systems.\"},{\"question\":\"What is required for record keeping in independent practice?\",\"answer\":\"Nurses are accountable for documenting and maintaining their own client care records. Under PHIPA, nurses providing health care services may be considered health information custodians for related records.\"},{\"question\":\"What quality assurance obligations apply to independent practice?\",\"answer\":\"Independent-practice nurses must participate in the College’s ongoing continued competence requirements through the QA (Quality Assurance) Program. The program includes reflective practice and ongoing self-assessment, and peer assessment may be involved due to the autonomous nature of the work.\"}]","Independent Practice - Practice Guideline - College of Nurses of Ontario | PDF",1790774927,25]