[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-433590-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-433590-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","incretin-based-therapy-an-update-focusing-on-the-major-revolution-in-cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-health","Incretin-based therapy: An update focusing on the major revolution in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health","","Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity drive increasing chronic kidney disease, which in turn accelerates cardiovascular disease burden across regions. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome reframes shared pathophysiology in excess or dysfunctional adipose tissue, linking glycemic disturbance to cardio-renal metabolic outcomes. Incretin-based therapy, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, improves hepatic glucose production and steatosis, enhances muscular glucose uptake, and increases adipose lipolysis and glucose uptake. Global GLP-1 agents reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality, and semaglutide lowers major renal events; benefits extend to obesity without diabetes, including reduced cardiovascular risk and improved heart failure metrics.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/incretin-based-therapy-an-update-focusing-on-the-major-revolution-in-cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-health/433590/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/incretin-based-therapy-an-update-focusing-on-the-major-revolution-in-cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-health/433590.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Patrick","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome concept discussed in the review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"CKM syndrome is a newly defined health condition where excess or dysfunctional adipose tissue and shared pathophysiology connect type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease beyond glucose dysregulation.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do GLP-1 receptor agonists support cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic health?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They potentiate insulin secretion and also produce extra-pancreatic metabolic effects, including reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis, increased muscular glucose uptake, and increased adipose lipolysis and glucose uptake.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What clinical outcome benefits are highlighted for GLP-1 receptor agonists and semaglutide?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Overall GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death in type 2 diabetes, and semaglutide lowers major renal events. In obesity without diabetes, semaglutide reduces body weight and lowers major adverse cardiovascular event risk, with improvement noted in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},433590,1790688409,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","J Chin MedAssoc  \nReview ARticle  \nIncretin-based therapy: An update focusing on the major revolution in cardiovascular-kidneymetabolic health  \nChern-En Chianga,b,c,*, Kang-Ling Wanga,b,c, Hao-Min Chengb,c,d, Tze-Fan Chaob,c, Shih-Hsien Sunga,b,c  \naGeneral Clinical Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; cSchool of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dDivision of Faculty Development, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract  \nType 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity have become the rising burden across various geographic and economic regions, and they are also the common causes of chronic kidney disease, which further contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The recently proposed cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome—the new paradigm of recognizing excess or dysfunctional adipose tissue as the shared pathophysiology—has signaled the interconnection of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease beyond the disturbance of glucose homeostasis, for which recently developed incretinbased therapy has offered an avenue of holistic management. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is one of the incretins and potentiates insulin secretion after food intake, additionally offering extra-pancreatic metabolic effects—reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis, increased muscular glucose uptake, and increased lipolysis and glucose uptake in the adipose tissue. Seven different GLP1 receptor agonists have been licensed globally. For those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, GLP1 receptor agonists overall reduce major adverse cardiovascular events by 14%(hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.80-0.93) and all-cause death by 18%(hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.94), and semaglutide, a long-acting GLP1 receptor agonist for once weekly injection, reduces major renal events by 24%(hazard ratio 0 .76, 95% confidence interval 0 .66-0.88) . For obese patients without diabetes mellitus, semaglutide results in a 12.4%(95% confidence interval −13.4 to −11 .5) reduction in body weight and 20% lower in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0 .80, 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.90), while the burden of heart failure can also be improved by 7.8 points (95% confidence interval 4.8-10.9) in those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. These findings highlight the transformative role of GLP1 receptor agonists in the management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the updated clinical evidence of incretin-based therapy and summarized its outcome benefits.  \nKeywords: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Incretin; Obesity  \n[www.ejcma.org](www.ejcma.org) 585  \n\u003Cz10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001263>  \nChiang et al. J Chin MedAssoc  \nLay Summary: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is a newly defined health condition characterized by excess of dysfunctional adipose tissue, insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular disorders. Incretins are gut hormones, and they have shown in recent clinical trials to effectively improve cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic health through incretin-based therapy.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nOver the past two decades, the prevalence of multiple cardiac, renal, and metabolic conditions, defined as having two or more of (a) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or heart failure; (b) chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a decreased glomerular filtration rate or the presence of albuminuria; and (c) type 2 diabetes mellitus, has risen from 5% to 8% in the US adult population.1 Collectively, these conditions, in conjunction with obesity, are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality; however, they have long been re","cbCainZkP8HXg5mM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainZkP8HXg5mM","pdf",1560284,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Rising prevalence and interconnection of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic conditions\n## Therapeutic advances beyond glycemic control\n## Rationale for incretin-based therapy review\n# What is CKM syndrome?\n## Pathophysiological links and progression mechanisms\n## AHA proposal of CKM syndrome","[{\"question\":\"What is the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome concept discussed in the review?\",\"answer\":\"CKM syndrome is a newly defined health condition where excess or dysfunctional adipose tissue and shared pathophysiology connect type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease beyond glucose dysregulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do GLP-1 receptor agonists support cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic health?\",\"answer\":\"They potentiate insulin secretion and also produce extra-pancreatic metabolic effects, including reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis, increased muscular glucose uptake, and increased adipose lipolysis and glucose uptake.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical outcome benefits are highlighted for GLP-1 receptor agonists and semaglutide?\",\"answer\":\"Overall GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death in type 2 diabetes, and semaglutide lowers major renal events. In obesity without diabetes, semaglutide reduces body weight and lowers major adverse cardiovascular event risk, with improvement noted in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.\"}]","Incretin-based therapy: An update focusing on the major revolution in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health | PDF",1790664724,23]