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Methods use a retrospective national cohort of ~360,000 individuals with 31,542 KTRs and propensity score matching to compare KTRs with a healthy population while adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Results show significantly elevated GU cancer risk, especially bladder and kidney cancer, linked to kidney transplantation and hypercholesterolemia, with older age and male sex also significant; no prostate cancer increase is detected. Conclusion supports targeted cancer surveillance and counseling before and after transplant.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/increased-risk-of-genitourinary-cancer-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-a-large-scale-national-cohort-study-and-its-clinical-implications/332975/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/increased-risk-of-genitourinary-cancer-in-kidney-transplant-recipients-a-large-scale-national-cohort-study-and-its-clinical-implications/332975.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Valentina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does GU cancer risk in kidney transplant recipients compare with the general population?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"A national cohort analysis found a significantly increased risk of genitourinary cancers in kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which factors were associated with higher GU cancer risk in KTRs?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Kidney transplantation, hypercholesterolemia, older age, and male sex were identified as significant risk factors in multivariate analysis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Was an increased prostate cancer risk observed in kidney transplant recipients?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"No significant increase in prostate cancer risk was observed in kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},332975,1790013011,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923","International Urology and Nephrology (2025) 57:715–722  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s1) 1255-024-04244-w  \nIncreased risk of genitourinary cancer in kidney transplant recipients: a large‑scale national cohort study and its clinical implications  \nHyunho Kim1 · Kyung‑Hee Chae2 · Arum Choi2 · Mi‑hyeong Kim3 · Ji Hyung Hong4 · Bum Soon Choi5 · Sukil Kim2 · Tae Hyun Ban5  \nReceived: 1 May 2024 / Accepted: 13 October 2024 / Published online: 23 October 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nPurpose To investigate the risk of genitourinary (GU) cancer in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared to that in the general population, focusing on potential risk factors and clinical implications.  \nMethods Using a national cohort of approximately 360,000 individuals, including 31,542 KTRs, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the data from 2007 to 2018. Propensity score matching was used to compare KTRs with a healthy population, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.  \nResults We identified a significantly increased risk of GU cancers, particularly bladder and kidney cancers, in KTRs. Multivariate analysis revealed a higher risk of GU cancer associated with kidney transplantation [hazard ratio (HR) 2.133, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.641–2.772] and hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.725, 95% CI 1.227–2.425), with older age and male sex also being significant risk factors. Conversely, no significant increase in prostate cancer risk was observed in KTRs compared to the general population.  \nConclusion This national cohort-based study indicated an increased risk of GU cancer in KTRs, underscoring the need for targeted cancer surveillance and pre-and post-transplant counseling. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of cancer surveillance programs for KTRs and highlight the necessity for further research in this field.  \nKeywords Kidney transplantation · Genitourinary cancer · Kidney cancer · Bladder cancer · Cancer risk factors  \n* Tae Hyun Ban [deux0123@catholic.ac.kr](deux0123@catholic.ac.kr)  \n1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n3 Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n4 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n5 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021, Tongil ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea  \nIntroduction  \nThe immune system is known to play a significant role in the onset and progression of cancer, substantiated by numerous studies [1] . The application of immunotherapy in treating patients with cancer further validates the close interrelationship between cancer and the human immune response [2, 3] .  \nPatients undergoing kidney transplantation (KT) inevitably require immunosuppressive therapy, which leads to prolonged iatrogenic immunosuppression [4, 5] . In line with this, various cohort studies have reported an increased risk of cancer, including urological cancers such as bladder cancer [6–10]. However, in South Korea, specific screening guidelines for genitourinary (GU) cancer following KT have yet to be established.  \nTherefore, to argue for the necessity of developing screening guidelines, we aimed to investigate the risk of GU cancer after KT in a Korean population. We aimed to provide evidence supporting the implementation of these  \nguidelines to better manage the health of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) .  \nMethods  \nStu","cbCaiiU76Qy4yrXl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiU76Qy4yrXl","pdf",586406,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study population\n# Results","[{\"question\":\"How does GU cancer risk in kidney transplant recipients compare with the general population?\",\"answer\":\"A national cohort analysis found a significantly increased risk of genitourinary cancers in kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with higher GU cancer risk in KTRs?\",\"answer\":\"Kidney transplantation, hypercholesterolemia, older age, and male sex were identified as significant risk factors in multivariate analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"Was an increased prostate cancer risk observed in kidney transplant recipients?\",\"answer\":\"No significant increase in prostate cancer risk was observed in kidney transplant recipients compared with the general population.\"}]","Increased risk of genitourinary cancer in kidney transplant recipients - a large-scale national cohort study and its clinical implications | PDF",1790000240]