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Using Finnish cancer diagnoses from 1996–2022 (n=4472), incidence trends were visualized by mode of detection—screen-detected, interval cancers, cancers in non-participants, and cancers outside screening target ages—plus cancer morphology. Segmented regression and Poisson regression evaluated how the primary test method influenced risks. In Finland, incidence rose during the 2010s mainly within screening age, with a sharp post-2013 rise in screen-detected cancers; HPV testing increased detection (RR=1.4) while reducing interval cancer risk (RR=0.29). Results suggest HPV testing improves detection of prevalent cancers, while additional risk-factor changes contribute to rising incidence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/increased-cervical-cancer-incidence-in-the-target-age-of-screening-variation-by-mode-of-detection/345426/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/increased-cervical-cancer-incidence-in-the-target-age-of-screening-variation-by-mode-of-detection/345426.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What screening methods are compared in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study compares primary screening methods based on cytology versus HPV testing (human papillomavirus test). It evaluates how the preceding method affects screen-detected and interval cancers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did cervical cancer incidence change during 1996–2022 in Finland?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Incidence increased during the 2010s, predominantly among individuals within screening age. A clear upward trend appeared among both screening participants and non-participants, with screen-detected cancer increasing sharply after around 2013.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What effect did HPV-based screening have on cancer detection and interval cancers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"HPV-based screening was associated with a higher detection rate of screen-detected cancers (RR=1.4). The risk of interval cervical cancer was reduced when the preceding method was an HPV test (RR=0.29) compared with cytology.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},345426,1790135411,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","DOI: 10.1002/ijc.70371  \nRES EARCH A RTICLE  \nCa ncer Epidemiology  \nIncreased cervical cancer incidence in the target age of screening—Variation by mode of detection  \nJenna Snellman 1,2  | Maiju Pankakoski 2  | Sirpa Heinävaara 1,2 | Veli-Matti Partanen 2  | Maija Vahteristo 2   \n1Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland  \n2Department of Screening Registry, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland  \nCorrespondence  \nJenna Snellman, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki; Finnish Cancer registry, Finland.  \nEmail: [jenna.snellman@cancer.fi](jenna.snellman@cancer.fi)  \nAbstract  \nCervical cancer incidence has increased in several high-income countries over the last decades. During the same period, many screening programs have shifted their primary method from cytology to the more sensitive HPV test. To better understand the increasing incidence, we visualized the incidence trends by mode of detection (screen-detected, interval cancers, cancers in non-participants, or cancers in those outside screening target ages) and by cancer morphology type using segmented regression. We also assessed the effects of the primary test method on the risk of screen-detected and interval cancers using Poisson regression. The study population consisted of all individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer (n = 4472) during 1996–2022 in Finland. An increase in cervical cancer incidence was observed during the 2010s, predominantly among individuals within the screening age. A clear upward trend was evident among both screening participants and non-participants. Notably, the incidence of screen-detected cervical cancer rose sharply after approximately 2013. The introduction of HPV-based screening was associated with an increased detection rate of screen-detected cancers (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1. 7) compared to cytology testing. Conversely, the risk of interval cervical cancer was reduced when the preceding screening method was an HPV test (RR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21–0.38) compared to cytology. Our results imply that the initiation of HPV testing has improved the detection of prevalent cancers, but changes in risk factors also contribute to the rising incidence of cervical cancer.  \nKEYWOR DS  \ncervical cancer, cervical cancer risk factors, HPV testing, interval cancer, mode of detection  \nWhat's New?  \nCervical cancer rates have risen in several high-income countries despite advances in screening. Here, using data on cervical cancer diagnoses between 1996 and 2022 in Finland, the authors examined incidence trends according to detection mode—screening, between screenings, or outside screening programs—with attention to the role of human  \nAbbreviations: APC, annual percentage changes; FCR, The Finnish Cancer Registry; HPV, human papillomavirus.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2026 The Author(s) . International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.  \npapillomavirus (HPV) testing. Analyses show that cervical cancer diagnoses increased in Finland during the 2010s, regardless of screening. After 2013, however, screen-detected cervical cancer increased significantly, with HPV-based testing fueling detection during routine screening. The findings point to HPV testing as a key tool for more effective cervical cancer screening.  \n1 | INTRODUCTION  \nScreening has significantly reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in high-income countries.1–3 However, recent data indicate an increasing incidence of cervical cancer among women aged 30–39 years in several high-income countries, including the United Kingdom, Estonia, and Sweden.4–6 This rather abrupt change in incidence may be attributed to changes in organized screening programs, as well as increased exposure to cervical cancer risk factors. 2,4 Moreover, declining participation","cbCaiosO7HuoPz2o","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiosO7HuoPz2o","pdf",810092,"English","# Abstract\n# What's New?\n# 1. Introduction\n## Background: trends despite screening advances\n## Mode of detection and cancer classification\n## Interval cancers and screening performance\n## HPV testing versus cytology\n## Study aim","[{\"question\":\"What screening methods are compared in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study compares primary screening methods based on cytology versus HPV testing (human papillomavirus test). It evaluates how the preceding method affects screen-detected and interval cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How did cervical cancer incidence change during 1996–2022 in Finland?\",\"answer\":\"Incidence increased during the 2010s, predominantly among individuals within screening age. A clear upward trend appeared among both screening participants and non-participants, with screen-detected cancer increasing sharply after around 2013.\"},{\"question\":\"What effect did HPV-based screening have on cancer detection and interval cancers?\",\"answer\":\"HPV-based screening was associated with a higher detection rate of screen-detected cancers (RR=1.4). The risk of interval cervical cancer was reduced when the preceding method was an HPV test (RR=0.29) compared with cytology.\"}]","Increased cervical cancer incidence in the target age of screening - Variation by mode of detection | PDF",1790057622,23]