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Semarang State University (Unnes), currently operating as a Public Service Agency, is transforming into a legal entity university (PTNBH). This qualitative descriptive study determines income under existing service tariffs, maps opportunities for additional revenue from available services, and analyzes revenue potential by simulating new tariff scenarios.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/income-diversification-through-optimization-of-service-rates-at-universitas-negeri-semarang-research-article/232368/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/income-diversification-through-optimization-of-service-rates-at-universitas-negeri-semarang-research-article/232368.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main goal of the study at Unnes?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To determine income from current service tariffs, identify revenue potential from existing services, and analyze that potential through simulation of new service tariffs.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is income diversification important for Unnes’s PTNBH transformation?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Because Unnes needs to strengthen agency independence in operations, and service tariff revenue is essential for building a quality and sustainable institution.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What research method is used to analyze tariff and revenue potential?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"A qualitative descriptive approach, supported by descriptive narrative analysis based on observed conditions and questionnaire data summaries.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},232368,1789071435,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","Research Article  \nIncome Diversification Through Optimization of Service Rates at Universitas Negeri Semarang  \nFransiska Novi Kurniasih*, Wiwik Widayanti, Tania Wicaksana  \nUniversitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang City, Central Java 50229, Indonesia  \nArticle history:  \nSubmission January 2023 Revised November 2023 Accepted November 2023  \n*Corresponding author:  \nE-mail:  \n[nfransiska@mail.Unnes.ac.id](nfransiska@mail.Unnes.ac.id)  \nABSTRACT  \nImproving the quality of education is a complex matter because it is related to technical problems and the planning, administration, funding, management of income sources, diversification of service rates, and effectiveness and efficiency of the education system. Semarang State University (Unnes) is one of the universities still categorized as a Public Service Agency, which is still transforming into a legal entity university (PTNBH) . This study aims to determine the income from the current service tariffs, map the potential for additional revenue from available services, and analyze revenue potential by simulating new service tariffs. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The study results show that the management and transparency of easily obtained university budgeting guide data will reduce the risk of budget management. Budget diversification will minimize the risk so that budget management will run more effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, it is known that the service tariffs that have been in effect so far are considered not optimal and can still be developed into the potential for diversifying the Institution's income. That makes it possible to enter work contracts with external parties to optimize revenue potential and better quality management.  \nKeywords: Budget, Diversification, Income, Service, Tariff  \nIntroduction  \nBased on Law Number 12 of 2012 concerning Higher Education, it is explained that higher education is a part of the national education system that plays a strategic role in educating the nation's generation and advancing science in line with the progress of the times [1] . However, improving the quality of education is a complex matter, this is because it is not only  \nrelated to technical problems but also relates to the process of planning, administration, funding, management of income sources, diversification of service rates, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the education system [2] . To improve the quality of education, systemic and professional management of the resources in a university is needed [3] .  \nManagement of State Universities (PTN) is classified into three types, namely: work unit (Satker), Public Service Agency (BLU), and Legal Entity State Universities (PTNBH) [4] . The classification is based on the level of independence or autonomy, which includes aspects of administration, service, and financial management. The government always encourages allstate universities to develop themselves in terms of academic performance and financial independence [5] .  \nOne of the resources that play an essential role in a university's sustainability is financial matters [6] . In this context, finance refers to sources of funds, income, and fees for higher education services to carry out all daily operational activities. A university must be able to guarantee the availability of funds to support the implementation of the tri dharma and improve the quality of higher education [7] . PTNBH funding sources are divided into two: PTNBH funding assistance and other forms following the provisions of the legislation. PTNBH funding assistance is used to pay operational costs, education staff costs, investments, and other developments experienced by universities. Meanwhile, other sources of funds can come from community donations, the management of PTNBH's endowment fund, cooperation with the Tridharma of Higher Education, and the Regional Budget [8] . Through income diversification, universities are expected to be able to expand fundin","cbCaiqXGtDWSEvBY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqXGtDWSEvBY","pdf",258104,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Higher education policy and education quality\n## University financial management and income sources\n## Unnes transformation urgency to PTNBH\n# Methods\n## Qualitative descriptive approach\n## Descriptive narrative analysis","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the study at Unnes?\",\"answer\":\"To determine income from current service tariffs, identify revenue potential from existing services, and analyze that potential through simulation of new service tariffs.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is income diversification important for Unnes’s PTNBH transformation?\",\"answer\":\"Because Unnes needs to strengthen agency independence in operations, and service tariff revenue is essential for building a quality and sustainable institution.\"},{\"question\":\"What research method is used to analyze tariff and revenue potential?\",\"answer\":\"A qualitative descriptive approach, supported by descriptive narrative analysis based on observed conditions and questionnaire data summaries.\"}]","Income Diversification Through Optimization of Service Rates at Universitas Negeri Semarang - Research Article | PDF"]