[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-439154-105":59,"doc-detail-439154-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","incidence-of-developmental-disorders-and-special-educational-needs-and-disabilities-in-children-in-the-uk","Incidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs and disabilities in children in the UK","","Aim: Investigate the incidence of developmental disorders (including cerebral palsy, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder) and special educational needs (SEN) provision, and examine associations with gestational age and ethnicity. Method: Use multivariable logistic regression in the Born in Bradford cohort to assess cumulative incidence up to age 12 years/primary school year 7 and compute incidence rates of individual disorders. Results: Preterm birth increased adjusted odds overall and among Pakistani heritage children, with ethnicity-specific unadjusted incidence patterns. Interpretation: Preterm birth is linked to higher risk of developmental disorders and greater likelihood of SEN needs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/incidence-of-developmental-disorders-and-special-educational-needs-and-disabilities-in-children-in-the-uk/439154/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/incidence-of-developmental-disorders-and-special-educational-needs-and-disabilities-in-children-in-the-uk/439154.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jake","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What was the study aim regarding children’s developmental outcomes?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"To investigate the incidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs provision, and to explore associations with gestational age and ethnicity.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How were incidence and associations analyzed in the Born in Bradford cohort?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Cumulative incidence up to age 12/Year 7 was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, and incidence rates for individual developmental disorders were calculated.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What did the results show about preterm birth and risk?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Birth before full term was associated with increased odds of developmental disorders compared with full term, and effect sizes were larger among Pakistani heritage children.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},439154,1790717469,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962084928904,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","DOI: 10. 1111/dmcn.16396  \nO R IG I NA L A R T I C L E  \nIncidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs and disabilities in children in the UK  \nKatherine Pettinger1  | Sarah Blower1 | Elaine Boyle2 | Catherine Hewitt1 | Lorna Fraser3  \n1Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK  \n2Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK 3Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Kings College London, London, UK  \nCorrespondence  \nKatherine Pettinger, Department of Health Sciences, Area 2, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. [Email:](Email: katherine.pettinger@york.ac.uk)[ katherine.pettinger@york.ac.uk](Email: katherine.pettinger@york.ac.uk)  \nAbstract  \nAim: To investigate the incidence of developmental disorders (including cerebral palsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder) and special educational needs provision and to explore associations with gestational age and ethnicity.  \nMethod: Cumulative incidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs provision up to age 12 years/end of school year 7 respectively was explored using multivariable logistic regression in the Born in Bradford cohort, UK. Incidence rates of individual developmental disorders were calculated.  \nResults: There were 13 172 children included in the analysis cohort. Birth before full term was associated with increased odds of developmental disorder compared with birth at full term: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for those born before 34 weeks 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58–3. 12); 34 to 36 weeks aOR 1.43 (95% CI 1.12–1.81); 37 to 38 weeks aOR 1.18 (95% CI 1.03–1.34). Effect sizes were larger among Pakistani heritage children: aOR for those born before 34 weeks 2.59 (95% CI 1.55–4.33); 34 to 36 weeks aOR 1.57 (95% CI 1.08–2.27); 37 to 38 weeks aOR 1.29 (95% CI 1.06–1.56). Unadjusted incidence rates of developmental disorders varied with ethnicity; compared with Pakistani heritage children, White British children had higher rates (per 1000 person-years) of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.1 vs. 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.4), and lower incidences of learning disabilities (0.7, 95% CI 0.5–1.0 vs. 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.9). Interpretation: Irrespective of ethnicity, children born before full term are at increased risk of developmental disorders and/or special educational needs.  \nChildren born before full term are at greater risk of developmental disorders than those born at full term1,2 and are more likely than term-born children to require special educational needs (SEN) provision in school.3 Delayed diagnoses of developmental disorders may lead to missed opportunities for early intervention, as well as causing distress to families.4,5 Late instigation of educational support can compound impaired learning, resulting in disengagement from school.6 Anticipating the challenges children are likely to face could  \nassist prompt identification of needs, facilitating improved health and well-being.5  \nIn England and Wales, the risk of preterm birth is markedly different between ethnicities, which is not fully explained by sociodemographic characteristics.7,8 The risk is highest among Black females,7 although recently the largest proportional increase of preterm births was among Asian females.8 Despite this, the relation between preterm birth and developmental disorders among minoritized  \nAbbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BiB, Born in Bradford; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; SEN, special educational needs.  \nPlain language summary: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16444](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16444)  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is pro","cbCaifpq1izRB4iI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifpq1izRB4iI","pdf",910144,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Aim\n## Method\n## Results\n## Interpretation\n# Background and Rationale\n## SEN definition and service planning needs\n## UK research context and knowledge gaps\n# Study Purpose\n## Incidence across gestational age and variation by ethnicity\n# Method\n## Data source\n## Cohort recruitment details","[{\"question\":\"What was the study aim regarding children’s developmental outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the incidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs provision, and to explore associations with gestational age and ethnicity.\"},{\"question\":\"How were incidence and associations analyzed in the Born in Bradford cohort?\",\"answer\":\"Cumulative incidence up to age 12/Year 7 was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, and incidence rates for individual developmental disorders were calculated.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about preterm birth and risk?\",\"answer\":\"Birth before full term was associated with increased odds of developmental disorders compared with full term, and effect sizes were larger among Pakistani heritage children.\"}]","Incidence of developmental disorders and special educational needs and disabilities in children in the UK | PDF",1790687600,33]