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CFA is evaluated for cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, uptake over time, and specificity versus normal and fibroblast-like cells, including co-culture conditions.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/in-vitro-detection-of-cancer-cells-using-a-novel-fluorescent-choline-derivative/329463/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/in-vitro-detection-of-cancer-cells-using-a-novel-fluorescent-choline-derivative/329463.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What problem does the study target in cancer diagnosis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It addresses the need for earlier cancer detection using methods that improve on limitations of existing screening, especially around sensitivity, specificity, and practicality.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the study detect cancer cells?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It synthesizes and characterizes a non-radioactive fluorescent choline tracer (CFA) and uses fluorescence imaging to evaluate its detection performance in cancer cell lines.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What was the main finding about CFA uptake in cancer versus normal cells?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"CFA preferentially accumulated in cancer cells rather than normal cells, with cancer-cell signals remaining stronger and additional selectivity observed in co-culture with fibroblasts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},329463,1790197048,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":112,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","Caprifico et al. BMC Medical Imaging (2024) 24:316  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01488-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01488-x)  \nBMC Medical Imaging  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nIn vitro detection of cancer cells using a novel fluorescent choline derivative  \nAnna E. Caprifico 1*, Luca Vaghi2, Peter Spearman3, Gianpiero Calabrese3 and Antonio Papagni2  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction The treatment of preinvasive lesions is more effective than treating invasive disease, hence detecting cancer at its early stages is crucial. However, currently, available screening methods show various limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and practicality, thus novel markers complementing traditional cyto/histopathological assessments are needed. Alteration in choline metabolism is a hallmark of many malignancies, including cervical and breast cancers. Choline radiotracers are widely used for imaging purposes, even though many risks are associated with their radioactivity. Therefore, this work aimed to synthesise and characterise a non-radioactive choline tracer based on a fluorinated acridine scaffold (CFA) for the in vitro detection of cervical and breast cancer cells by fluorescence imaging.  \nMethods CFA was fully characterised and tested for its cytotoxicity on breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), glioblastoma (U-87 MG) and hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cancer cell lines and in normal cell lines (epithelial, HEK-293 and human dermal fibroblasts, HDFs) . The cellular uptake of CFA was investigated by a confocal microscope and its accumulation was quantified over time. The specificity of CFA over mesenchymal origin cells (HDFs), as a model of cancer-associated fibroblasts was investigated by fluorescence microscopy.  \nResults CFA was toxic at much higher concentrations (HeLa IC50 = 200± 18 µM and MCF-7 IC50 = 105 ± 3 µM) than needed for its detection in cancer cells (5 µM) . CFA was not toxic in the other cell lines tested. The intensity of CFA in breast and cervical cancer cells was not significantly different at any time point, yet it was greater than HepG2 and U-87 MG (p ≤0.01 and p ≤0. 0001, respectively) after 24 h incubation. A very weak signal intensity was recorded in HEK- 293 and HDFs (p ≤0.001 and p ≤0. 0001, respectively) . A selective ability of CFA to accumulate in HeLa and MCF-7 was recorded upon co-culture with fibroblasts.  \nConclusions The results showed that CFA preferentially accumulated in cancer cells rather than in normal cells. These findings suggest that CFA may be a potential diagnostic probe for discriminating healthy tissues from malignant tissues due to its specific and highly sensitive features; CFA may also represent a useful tool for in vitro/ex vivo investigations of choline metabolism in patients with cervical and breast cancers.  \nKeywords Choline, Fluorescent dye, Biomarker, Tracer, Cellular uptake, Cervical cancer, Breast cancer  \n*Correspondence:  \nAnna E. Caprifico  \n[anna.caprifico@dmu.ac.uk](anna.caprifico@dmu.ac.uk)  \n1School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK  \n2Department of Material Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, Milan 20126, Italy  \n3School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the ","cbCaicM6s2AgbK4M","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicM6s2AgbK4M","pdf",2396858,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study target in cancer diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses the need for earlier cancer detection using methods that improve on limitations of existing screening, especially around sensitivity, specificity, and practicality.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study detect cancer cells?\",\"answer\":\"It synthesizes and characterizes a non-radioactive fluorescent choline tracer (CFA) and uses fluorescence imaging to evaluate its detection performance in cancer cell lines.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the main finding about CFA uptake in cancer versus normal cells?\",\"answer\":\"CFA preferentially accumulated in cancer cells rather than normal cells, with cancer-cell signals remaining stronger and additional selectivity observed in co-culture with fibroblasts.\"}]","In vitro detection of cancer cells using a novel fluorescent choline derivative | PDF",1789984206]