[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-316164-105":59,"doc-detail-316164-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","in-victorian-secondary-schools","in Victorian secondary schools","","The paper examines streaming (ability grouping) in mathematics learning in Victorian secondary schools, highlighting how the practice is debated in terms of equity and social justice. It reviews how a Senate inquiry distinguished streaming from ability grouping, while noting that in Australia teachers often use the terms synonymously. The study also outlines Victorian historical attitudes and the lack of clear current guidelines, then summarizes research findings on effects across achievement levels and grouping formats, including mixed and homogeneous classes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/in-victorian-secondary-schools/316164/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/in-victorian-secondary-schools/316164.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Terk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the paper define or distinguish streaming and ability grouping?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper explains that a Senate inquiry attempted to differentiate “streaming” and “ability grouping,” while noting that in Australia the two terms are often used synonymously by teachers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the paper say about Victorian attitudes and guidelines over time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It reports that in the 1980s streaming was treated as unacceptable in Victoria, while current Victorian documentation does not appear to provide clear streaming guidelines, focusing instead on provisions for gifted students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do prior research findings suggest about streaming in mathematics?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper summarizes mixed evidence, with some studies arguing streaming contributes to low achievement, others finding benefits depend on placement and achievement level, and concerns about longer-term effects for students placed in low groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},316164,1790193758,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","in Victorian secondary schools  \nHelen Forgasz  \nMonash University  \n\u003C [helen.forgasz@education.monash.edu.au](helen.forgasz@education.monash.edu.au)>  \nIntroduction  \nStreaming (or ability grouping) for mathematics learning is a contentious  \nissue. It can also be considered an issue of equity or social justice (e.g. , VanderHart, 2006) as some students may be adversely affected by the practice.  \nThe Senate inquiry into The Education of Gifted and Talented Children (Commonwealth of Australia, 2001) attempted to differentiate the meaning of the terms, “streaming” and “ability grouping.” It was noted that “ability grouping for the gifted is not the same as streaming the whole year group into A, B, C, D... classes”(p. 67), and that general streaming was “no longer fashionable because of perceived detriments to the less able”(p. 67) . It was clearly pointed out that there were no submissions to the inquiry suggesting that general streaming should be resumed. The point was made that the various forms of ability grouping for the gifted could be used without streaming the whole year group. While not mentioned in the inquiry report, an unintended outcome of within subject (e.g. , mathematics) streaming, due to the pragmatics of school timetabling constraints and/or teacher shortages, might be that students end up studying all other subjects in the same groupings.  \nDespite the differences in definitions noted in the senate inquiry report, the two terms are commonly used synonymously in Australia, and this was also evident in the teachers’ responses in the study reported here. In the sense that the teachers interpreted the terms, the practice of streaming/ability grouping for mathematics at any given secondary year level could take various forms, from selecting out only high achievers or only “at risk” students, to grouping into “top/high”,“medium/mixed”, and“low/at risk” achieving groups, and even having subgroups within these three categories, that is, forms of streaming akin to the A, B, C, D… classes considered unfashionable in the senate inquiry (as noted above) . Some schools and teachers were also found to use “ability groups” within mixed ability (or heterogeneous) classes of students.  \namt 66 (1) 2010 31  \nVictorian guidelines on streaming/ability grouping  \nIn the 1980s in Victoria, the message was clear that streaming was unacceptable. In the newsletter, AdVise, of the Victorian Institute of Secondary Education [VISE]—the curriculum authority of the time—Emmett (1983, p. 3) claimed that: “streaming and setting, if we are to believe the research, are unsound educational practices and all educators should strive to minimise, and eventually remove, their influence so that schooling recognises and promotes the gifts all young people have.”  \nCurrently, the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development [DEECD] does not appear to have clear guidelines on streaming. However, in its documentation about “gifted” students (for which definitions are provided), it is claimed that differentiating the curriculum should be part of a school’s curricular strategy, that all students should have the opportunity to reach their full potential, but that the regular classroom should be the venue to provide appropriate challenge for the majority (DEECD, n.d. a) . The suggested school options to cater for the gifted (DEECD, n.d. b) are consistent with the recommendations of the Senate inquiry (Commonwealth of Australia, 2001) . Yet, those seeking support fora variety of forms of streaming in mathematics may selectively seize upon some of the statements made and research findings cited in the DEECD documentation, despite the clear emphasis being on provisions for the gifted.  \nPrevious research on streaming  \nOn reviewing classroom factors affecting learning, and not speaking of mathematics in particular, Hattie (2002), claimed that whether or not streaming is used, what happens in the classroom is more important: “Good teachin","cbCaidtABGAheAwZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidtABGAheAwZ","pdf",97622,"English","# Introduction\n# Victorian guidelines on streaming/ability grouping\n# Previous research on streaming","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper define or distinguish streaming and ability grouping?\",\"answer\":\"The paper explains that a Senate inquiry attempted to differentiate “streaming” and “ability grouping,” while noting that in Australia the two terms are often used synonymously by teachers.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper say about Victorian attitudes and guidelines over time?\",\"answer\":\"It reports that in the 1980s streaming was treated as unacceptable in Victoria, while current Victorian documentation does not appear to provide clear streaming guidelines, focusing instead on provisions for gifted students.\"},{\"question\":\"What do prior research findings suggest about streaming in mathematics?\",\"answer\":\"The paper summarizes mixed evidence, with some studies arguing streaming contributes to low achievement, others finding benefits depend on placement and achievement level, and concerns about longer-term effects for students placed in low groups.\"}]","in Victorian secondary schools | PDF",1789910636,25]