[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108156-en":3,"doc-seo-108156-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108156,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253",8,"Research & Report","In Search of Inclusive Growth - A Poverty Assessment of Angola - Overview","In Search of Inclusive Growth: A Poverty Assessment of Angola (June 2020) examines the structural origins of poverty in Angola, linking it to colonial-era economic exclusion, the disruptions of the 1975–2002 civil war, and post-war dependence on petroleum resources. It outlines how wars depleted human capital, destroyed infrastructure, and deepened regional disparities, while oil price shocks constrained growth and exposed macroeconomic vulnerabilities. The report discusses poverty trends using international poverty lines and highlights how the 2018/19 household survey improves consumption-data collection to support updated baseline measurement.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nIn Search of Inclusive Growth:  \nA Poverty Assessment of Angola  \nJune 2020  \nDocument of the World Bank  \nAcknowledgments  \nThe World Bank greatly appreciates its close collaboration with the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of Angola in preparing this report. The preparation team was led by Emmanuel Skoufias (Lead Economist, Poverty and Equity Global Practice) and the team included Dr. Sebastian Silva-Leander (International Consultant), Dr. Katja Vinha (International Consultant), Emma Mercedes Monsalve Montiel (Social Protection Specialist, SPL GP), Minh Cong Nguyen (Senior Data Scientist, Poverty & Equity GP), Alejandro Medina (Senior Economist, Poverty & Equity Global Practice) and Carlos da Maia (Economist, Poverty and Equity Global Practice) .  \nThe report was prepared under the guidance of Abdoulaye Seck (Country Director), Olivier Lambert (Country Manager), Mazen Bouri (Program Leader), Carine Clert (Program Leader) and Andrew Dabalen (Practice Manager, Poverty and Equity GP) .  \nPablo Ariel Acosta (Program Leader, HDN, Brazil) and Shohei Nakamura (Economist, Poverty and Equity GP) served as peer reviewers. Additional comments at earlier stages of the report were received from Carmen Carpio (Senior Health Specialist) and Rafael Chelles Barroso (Senior Economist) . The team is grateful for their constructive comments.  \nSpecial thanks are due to Santosh Kumar Sahoo (Program Assistant) for his excellent support during the preparation of this report.  \nOverview  \nContext  \nAngola is the third-largest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa and is classified as a low-middle income economy. Its population of about 30.8 million people (2018) live in  \n18 provinces. Some 27 percent of the population live in the capital region of Luanda and about 37 percent live in rural areas. As the secondlargest oil producer in Africa, Angola has an economy heavily reliant on the petroleum sector. Oil constitutes 87.6 percent of exports, 50 percent of government revenues and, together with natural gas, 31 percent of GDP. The country has a significant unrealized potential to develop industries in agriculture, fisheries, and minerals. More than 50 percent of the food consumed in Angola is imported and constitutes as much as 16 percent of merchandise imports.  \nThe roots of poverty in Angola can be traced back to the economic structures established during its three centuries under colonial rule and secondly, to the disruptive conditions created by the 27-year civil war from 1975 to 2002. Despite the thriving export economy that colonialism created in Angola, Angolans themselves were largely excluded from significant participation in it and left in relative poverty. Most skilled work was undertaken by foreigners, with little transfer of skills to Angolans. Compounding this, the command-economy policies that were enacted at independence, combined with the protracted civil war, pushed most foreign companies—and most importantly,  \nthe managerial, technical and administrative workers—to leave the country. By 1976, Angola’s economy and public administration had been left in the hands of fewer than 100 university graduates, many with only a modicum of experience or expertise.  \nAdditionally, over the course of the 1975–2002 civil conflict, an estimated half million to a million people died, millions were wounded and an estimated 3.7 million became refugees or internally displaced people, often migrating to the cities in search of a means of living. Besides the human toll, the war also destroyed critical infrastructures including schools, hospitals, railways and bridges.  \nTaken together, these developments resulted in the emergence of a generation of freshly independent Angolans with inadequate education or health care. The depopulation of the rural areas further entrenched the region-to-region disparities that first begun to emerge ","cbCaijTHkSwW5GYC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijTHkSwW5GYC","pdf",2246309,6,1,32,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n## Context","[{\"question\":\"What factors explain the roots of poverty in Angola described in the overview?\",\"answer\":\"The overview traces poverty to colonial-era economic structures that excluded Angolans, and to the disruptive conditions created by the 27-year civil war (1975–2002). It also highlights post-war challenges and regional disparities reinforced by depopulation of rural areas.\"},{\"question\":\"How has Angola’s economic dependence on oil affected poverty dynamics?\",\"answer\":\"Oil accounts for most exports and large shares of revenues and GDP, leaving the economy highly exposed to international oil price shocks. The report notes that growth gains from 2002–2008 did not substantially reduce poverty and that the 2014 crisis contributed to increased poverty.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the 2018/19 household survey in the poverty assessment?\",\"answer\":\"The overview states that the 2018/19 survey improves the collection of consumption data, enabling a new and better baseline for measuring and monitoring poverty in Angola. This improvement reduces comparability with earlier poverty estimates.\"}]",1784469161,81,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"in-search-of-inclusive-growth-a-poverty-assessment-of-angola-overview","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/in-search-of-inclusive-growth-a-poverty-assessment-of-angola-overview/108156/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-31","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What factors explain the roots of poverty in Angola described in the overview?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The overview traces poverty to colonial-era economic structures that excluded Angolans, and to the disruptive conditions created by the 27-year civil war (1975–2002). It also highlights post-war challenges and regional disparities reinforced by depopulation of rural areas.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How has Angola’s economic dependence on oil affected poverty dynamics?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Oil accounts for most exports and large shares of revenues and GDP, leaving the economy highly exposed to international oil price shocks. The report notes that growth gains from 2002–2008 did not substantially reduce poverty and that the 2014 crisis contributed to increased poverty.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What is the role of the 2018/19 household survey in the poverty assessment?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The overview states that the 2018/19 survey improves the collection of consumption data, enabling a new and better baseline for measuring and monitoring poverty in Angola. 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