[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-639490-105":59,"doc-detail-639490-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","in-focus-due-regard-in-outer-space-a-lost-cause","IN FOCUS - “Due Regard” in Outer Space – a Lost Cause?","","Explores how the “due regard” principle in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty functions as binding international law for nearly 60 years, yet remains effectively unused amid rising congestion, space debris, militarisation, and intentional harmful interference such as jamming, spoofing, blinding, or hacking. Argues for reviving “due regard” to strengthen rule of law in outer space and considers seeking an International Court of Justice advisory opinion. Highlights related underused treaty mechanisms that could enable consultation, transparency, and confidence-building for peaceful outer space use.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/in-focus-due-regard-in-outer-space-a-lost-cause/639490/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/in-focus-due-regard-in-outer-space-a-lost-cause/639490.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the “due regard” principle and where is it established?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is a legal principle contained in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. The document quotes Article IX requiring States Parties to conduct outer space activities with “due regard” to the interests of other States Parties.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the document argue the rule of law in outer space needs strengthening?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It points to increasing risks from congestion and space debris, rapid militarisation, securitisation, and intentional harmful interference with outer space technologies and systems, all contributing to conflict and instability.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the document propose to do to revive “due regard”?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It suggests asking the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for an Advisory Opinion. It also argues that formally invoking “due regard” can serve as transparency- and confidence-building measure vis-à-vis outer space.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},639490,1792811386,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","13/02/2026  \nIN FOCUS  \n“Due Regard” in Outer Space – a Lost Cause?  \nThe legal principle of “due regard” is contained in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, and has thus constituted binding international law for almost 60 years. Today’s geopolitics, however, seems to care little about it, and competition in outer space is increasingly turning into contestation and conflict. It is therefore time to revive the “due regard”principle in order to strengthen the rule of law in outer space.  \nKai-Uwe Schrogl  \nformer Chair, Legal Subcommittee of the UN  \nCommittee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space  \nOuter space has become a dangerous place to operate. The increasing problems of congestion and space debris create risks that were unknown only a decade ago. The fast-paced militarisation and securitisation of space activities and countries’growing practice of intentional harmful interference with the space technology and activities of other countries are spurring conflict and instability. The more societies rely on outer space applications in all areas of public, economic and private life, the more damage can be caused if space services are interrupted. Space agencies have already produced striking videos on what a day without space applications would mean to the Earth’s citizens. This GCSP In Focus proposes to revive the “due regard” principle as a key initial step toward strengthening the rule of law in outer space. To support this process, it is envisaged to ask the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for an Advisory Opinion (AO) on this and other relevant principles of outer space law.  \nThe “hidden champions” of outer space law The entire corpus of binding international outer space law developed in the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) and encompassing five treaties fits on less than 40 pages. Nevertheless, many provisions contained in it have never been invoked by States Parties, even though they are relevant and would be applicable. Among them is the Claims Commission, which is extensively elaborated in one quarter of the articles of the Liability Convention of 1972. But such a commission has never been set up, eventhough more and more damage is caused to third parties by rocket bodies or satellite parts.  \nSuch “hidden champions” for the application of the rule of law in outer space, which could be used for  \ngood purposes and with positive results, are also tobe found in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. Its character as a treaty on principles is particularly dependent on State practice, but if a champion legal provision remains hidden, it cannot employ its potential. The issue to be discussed here is the“due regard” principle, which is contained in Article IX, and which reads: “States Parties to the Treaty shall be guided by the principle of cooperation and mutual assistance and shall conduct all their activities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, with ‘due regard’ to the corresponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty”.  \n“Due regard” in outer space law and political practice  \nBelieve it or not, in almost 60 years this legal provision has not been formally invoked by any country that has ratified or signed the Outer Space Treaty – despite the fact that we see constant intentional harmful interference with outer space technology and systems such as jamming, spoofing, blinding or hacking; plus the testing of kinetic antisatellite weapons; plus the deployment of megaconstellations of satellites that are overpopulating orbits and producing endless space debris. These activities cause economic damage to other satellite operators and users and are threats to both civilian and military personnel and infrastructure safety and security, whether in orbit, in air space, or on the ground. Ultimately, preventing others from peacefully using outer space can certainly not be regarded as applying the principle of “due regard”.  \nThe same article contains a provisi","cbCailfwN1ZYFkA1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailfwN1ZYFkA1","pdf",481295,"English","# IN FOCUS\n## “Due Regard” in Outer Space – a Lost Cause?\n## The legal basis and need to revive “due regard”\n## The “hidden champions” of outer space law\n## “Due regard” in outer space law and political practice\n## What could be achieved by invoking “due regard”","[{\"question\":\"What is the “due regard” principle and where is it established?\",\"answer\":\"It is a legal principle contained in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. The document quotes Article IX requiring States Parties to conduct outer space activities with “due regard” to the interests of other States Parties.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the document argue the rule of law in outer space needs strengthening?\",\"answer\":\"It points to increasing risks from congestion and space debris, rapid militarisation, securitisation, and intentional harmful interference with outer space technologies and systems, all contributing to conflict and instability.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document propose to do to revive “due regard”?\",\"answer\":\"It suggests asking the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for an Advisory Opinion. It also argues that formally invoking “due regard” can serve as transparency- and confidence-building measure vis-à-vis outer space.\"}]","IN FOCUS - “Due Regard” in Outer Space – a Lost Cause? | PDF",1792703852]