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These barriers filter toxins and foreign material, making it difficult to bypass them and reach target tissue. Although several FDA-approved drug treatments exist, their clinical performance is limited by relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB despite favorable pharmacokinetics. This review outlines current gaps and proposes computational BBB/BSCB modeling and innovative delivery mechanisms to support future glioma drug development and improve treatment efficacy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/improving-glioma-drug-delivery-a-multifaceted-approach-for-glioma-drug-development/329046/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/improving-glioma-drug-delivery-a-multifaceted-approach-for-glioma-drug-development/329046.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is glioma drug delivery particularly challenging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Glioma treatment is difficult to target because the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier are selective and semipermeable, filtering toxins and foreign material from CNS spaces.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What limitations affect existing FDA-approved glioma therapies?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Current therapies have relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB, even when pharmacokinetic properties suggest they can cross these barriers.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the review propose improving glioma drug development?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It proposes incorporating computational BBB/BSCB models and innovative drug delivery mechanisms to address gaps in current treatments and motivate clinical advances.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329046,1790177041,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>Pharmacol Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2024 October 01. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nPharmacol Res. 2024 October ; 208: 107390. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107390 .  \nImproving glioma drug delivery: A multifaceted approach for glioma drug development  \nMarybeth G. Yonka,b, Megan A. Limc,d, Charee M. Thompsonc,e, Muhibullah S. Toraa,f, Yuliya Lakhinaa, Yuhong Dug, Kimberly B. Hoanga, Annette M. Molinaroh, Nicholas M. Boulisa,f, Wael Hassaneenc,d,* , Kecheng Leia,**  \na Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA bCollege of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  \ncCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA d Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA  \neCollege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA  \nfDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA g Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA  \nh Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA  \nAbstract  \nGlioma is one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) cancers that can be found within the brain and the spinal cord. One of the pressing issues plaguing the development of therapeutics for glioma originates from the selective and semipermeable CNS membranes: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) . It is difficult to bypass these membranes and target the desired cancerous tissue because the purpose of the BBB and BSCB is to filter toxins and foreign material from invading CNS spaces. There are currently four varieties of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug treatment for glioma; yet these therapies have limitations including, but not limited to, relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB, despite pharmacokinetic characteristics that allow them to cross the barriers. Steps must be taken  \nThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \n*Corresponding author at: Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.  \n[wael.mostafa@carle.com](wael.mostafa@carle.com) (W. Hassaneen) . **[Corresponding author. kecheng.lei@emory.edu](Corresponding author. kecheng.lei@emory.edu) (K. Lei) .  \nCRediT authorship contribution statement  \nMegan Amber Lim: Writing – original draft. Marybeth G. Yonk: Writing – original draft. Muhibullah S. Tora: Writing – review & editing. Charee M. Thompson: Writing – review & editing. Yuhong Du: Supervision. Yuliya Lakhina: Writing – review & editing. Annette M. Molinaro: Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Kimberly B. Hoang: Supervision. Wael Hassaneen Mostafa: Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Nicholas M. Boulis: Supervision, Funding acquisition. Kecheng Lei: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization.  \nDeclaration of Competing Interest  \nThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nYonk et al. Page 2  \nto improve the development of novel and repurposed glioma treatments through the consideration of pharmacological profiles and innovative drug delivery techniques. This review addresses current FDA-approved glioma treatments’ gaps, shortcomings, and challenges. We then outline how incorporating computational BBB/BSCB models and innovative drug delivery mechanisms wi","cbCaip7wlwlzwhtZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip7wlwlzwhtZ","pdf",1277435,25,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n## Glioma classification and prognosis\n## BBB/BSCB barriers and impact on therapy\n## Signaling pathways and transport changes","[{\"question\":\"Why is glioma drug delivery particularly challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Glioma treatment is difficult to target because the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier are selective and semipermeable, filtering toxins and foreign material from CNS spaces.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitations affect existing FDA-approved glioma therapies?\",\"answer\":\"Current therapies have relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB, even when pharmacokinetic properties suggest they can cross these barriers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review propose improving glioma drug development?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes incorporating computational BBB/BSCB models and innovative drug delivery mechanisms to address gaps in current treatments and motivate clinical advances.\"}]","Improving glioma drug delivery - A multifaceted approach for glioma drug development | PDF",1789982229,63]