[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600592-105":59,"doc-detail-600592-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","improving-aid-effectiveness-or-transforming-the-global-capitalist-system-mark-ginsburg","Improving Aid Effectiveness or Transforming the Global Capitalist System - Mark Ginsburg","","The text examines international aid through a critical lens, engaging with Klees (2010) and the limits of empirical evaluation for aid’s effects on poverty and growth. It challenges a narrow framing of development by arguing that “development” is embedded in capitalist meanings and that neoliberalism is only one ideology supporting world-capitalist dominance. Using a Marxist account of capitalism’s private ownership and profit logic, it contrasts capitalist accumulation with socialist ethics of distribution “according to needs,” and supplements the argument with human-rights and scriptural references to fairness and adequate living conditions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/improving-aid-effectiveness-or-transforming-the-global-capitalist-system-mark-ginsburg/600592/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/improving-aid-effectiveness-or-transforming-the-global-capitalist-system-mark-ginsburg/600592.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What main question does the text raise about international aid?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It questions whether international aid has genuinely helped developing countries, while noting that the effects are hard to isolate due to many interacting factors beyond aid.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why does the text argue that the term “development” needs to be used cautiously?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Because its meaning has been captured within a capitalist framework; promoting change requires focusing on transforming the unjust world capitalist system rather than reforming within it.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the text explain capitalism’s internal logic using a Marxist perspective?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It describes capitalism as private ownership of production and profit accumulation, creating pressures that limit real wages to maximize surplus value, producing systemic unmet needs for the majority.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},600592,1792171421,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Improving Aid Effectiveness or Transforming the Global Capitalist System  \nMark Ginsburg  \nGlobal Education Center, Academy for Educational Development  \nInternational Educational Policy Program, University of Maryland  \nIn the introduction to his article,“Aid, Development, and Education,” Klees (2010) poses the  \nquestion, has the “hundreds of billions of dollars in international aid…loaned to [or otherwise targeted to “assist”] developing countries through bilateral and multilateral mechanisms … helped?”(p. 6) . He then posits the question to be “too complicated to be well specified” for empirical study, in part because “there are a myriad of interactive factors that affect poverty and economic growth besides aid” and “international aid serves many [other] purposes.” After reviewing a set of recent books on aid (Dichter, 2003; Easterly, 2008; Moyo, 2009; Riddell, 2007) framed mainly by authors subscribing to a neoliberal capitalist perspective, Klees concludes by stating that “the best anyone can say is that the situation could have been a lot worse than it is now without aid.” Ironically, though, this conclusion may apply to: a) the quality of life for all human beings and/or b) the compensatory legitimation (Weiler, 1988) of the world economic system and national political economies.  \nI basically agree with Klees’ analysis of the issues and his critical review of these assessments of aid. However, I would take the critique further and promote a more radical – and, in my view, more humane – agenda for change. To begin with, I would problematize “development”much more than Klees does. Although the question he posed (above) is framed around the term“aid,” he appropriately includes the term “development” in the title of his article, given that most of the focus is on overseas or foreign development assistance. Klees does reference Frank’s (1967) critical analysis of the global economic system, but refrains from naming the system (Yates, 2003),1 let alone calling for a transformation of global capitalist relations (e.g., Skocpol, 1977; Wallerstein, 1984). Instead, his argument could be (mis)interpreted as claiming that “poverty and inequality” result from – and are being reproduced by – neoliberalism.2 I share Klees’ critique of neoliberalism, but would emphasize that it is only one of several ideologies (and associated policies and actions) which, historically, have been marshaled (with some success) to mobilize support for and demobilize opposition to the world capitalist system.3 Thus, in my opinion, we need to be very careful in using the term “development,” given that its meaning has been captured within a capitalist framework. One might want to try to rescue the term by referencing social democratic, socialist, eco-feminist, or sustainable, human rights-based development, but perhaps it is better to focus our attention and energies on transforming the unjust “capitalist”world system.4  \nIn brief, capitalism refers to a mode of productive and attendant social relations in which the means of production are privately owned and the profits derived from the sale of the goods and services produced are privately accumulated. From a Marxist perspective, a fundamental contradiction of capitalism is that “although production is [increasingly] a social activity, the ownership and control of the means of production are privately concentrated”(Ginsburg, 1988, p. 8; see also Mao Tse-Tung, 1971) . Because the logic of capitalism is capital accumulation (i.e., growth and concentration of capital via increasing profits or surplus value), there are systemic pressures against the needs of the majority of people being met. This results from “the restrictions  \n© 2010 Current Issues in Comparative Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Current Issues in Comparative Education, 13(1), 37-43.  \nM. Ginsburg  \ncapitalism imposes on the individual and social consumption of the workers ... because the aim of capitalis","cbCaimZOKBXYEdJQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimZOKBXYEdJQ","pdf",188303,"English","# Core Question: Aid vs. Transforming Capitalism\n# Critique of Klees’ Framing and Use of “Development”\n# Capitalism, Contradictions, and Surplus Value\n# Socialist Ethics and Alternative Distribution Principles\n# Human Rights and Social Justice Analogies","[{\"question\":\"What main question does the text raise about international aid?\",\"answer\":\"It questions whether international aid has genuinely helped developing countries, while noting that the effects are hard to isolate due to many interacting factors beyond aid.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the text argue that the term “development” needs to be used cautiously?\",\"answer\":\"Because its meaning has been captured within a capitalist framework; promoting change requires focusing on transforming the unjust world capitalist system rather than reforming within it.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text explain capitalism’s internal logic using a Marxist perspective?\",\"answer\":\"It describes capitalism as private ownership of production and profit accumulation, creating pressures that limit real wages to maximize surplus value, producing systemic unmet needs for the majority.\"}]","Improving Aid Effectiveness or Transforming the Global Capitalist System - Mark Ginsburg | PDF",1792091002,18]