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The resulting 3.23 Gb genome resolves into 17 scaffolds with chromosomal resolution and reports a scaffold N50 of 188.1 Mb. BUSCO completeness reaches 99.7% at the genome level and 97.8% for protein annotation, including a previously missing chromosome. Comparative ortholog analysis highlights expanded chemosensory and immune capabilities relative to termite relatives.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/improved-chromosome-level-genome-assembly-of-the-american-cockroach-periplaneta-americana/447078/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/improved-chromosome-level-genome-assembly-of-the-american-cockroach-periplaneta-americana/447078.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pop out","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was the American cockroach genome assembled in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study generated a de novo assembly using high-fidelity PacBio long reads together with Hi-C sequencing to achieve chromosomal resolution.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What assembly quality metrics were reported for the final genome?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The assembly produced a 3.23 Gb genome in 17 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 188.1 Mb, with BUSCO scores of 99.7% (genome) and 97.8% (protein annotation).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What biological value does this genome provide compared with earlier resources?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It delivers chromosome-level completeness, including a chromosome missing from the previous reference, and enables comparative analyses showing expanded chemosensory and immune capabilities versus termite relatives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},447078,1790763772,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760408,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","G3, 2026, 16(1), jkaf247  \n[https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf247](https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf247)  \nAdvance Access Publication Date: 22 October 2025  \nGenome Report  \nImproved chromosome-level genome assembly of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana  \nRachel L. Dockman  , 1 Tyler J. Simmonds,2 Kevin J. Vogel  ,3 Scott M. Geib,2 Elizabeth A. Ottesen  1 ,*  \n1Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States  \n2Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720, United States 3Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States  \n*Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States. Email: [ottesen@uga.edu](ottesen@uga.edu)  \nThe American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is a cosmopolitan insect notorious for thriving among humans undeterred by attempts to eliminate it. The traits that contribute to its ubiquity as an opportunistic pest, such as long lifespan, expansive neurosensory capacity, and nutritional flexibility, also make P. americana an excellent invertebrate model organism as evidenced by its long history in neuroscience and physiological research. Current genetic resources available for P. americana highlight its large, complex genome and richly diverse transcriptional capabilities, but fall short of producing a complete, chromosome-level genome. Here, we present a high-quality de novo genome assembly of a laboratory-raised adult female P. americana using a combination of high fidelity PacBio long reads and Hi-C sequencing. The final 3.23 Gb genome was assembled with chromosomal resolution into 17 scaffolds, consistent with previous karyotype analysis, and has a scaffold N50 of 188.1 Mb and genome Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) score of 99.7% . This assembly includes a chromosome that was missing from the previous reference genome for this species. Protein prediction and annotation were performed via the NCBI Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline, which identified 16,750 protein-coding genes and generated an annotation BUSCO score of 97.8% . Ortholog comparisons with available Blattodea assemblies highlight the expanded chemosensory and immune capabilities of P. americana compared to termite relatives. This genome assembly is a valuable tool for facilitating future research on the biology and evolution of this remarkable insect.  \nKeywords: Periplaneta americana; American cockroach; genome assembly; chromosome; Hi-C; PacBio; cockroach; Blattodea  \nIntroduction  \nThe American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is a notorious pest found across the world, living and thriving alongside humans in widely variable environmental conditions. Despite their unsavory reputation, cockroaches are of considerable interest to researchers across disciplines. Cockroaches combine the large size, complex physiology, and tractable nature of mice with the simpler and cost-effective care requirements that are characteristic of model insects.  \nThere is a rich body of work compiled throughout the last century describing basic cockroach biology (Crampton 1925; Cornwell 1968; Guthrie and Tindall 1968; The American cockroach 1982) . Early research leveraging P. americana as a model system has enhanced the overall understanding of nervous system function, connectivity, and regeneration (Roeder 1948; Yamasaki and Narahashi 1958; Jacklet and Cohen 1967; Sattelle 1992; Jankowska et al. 2021) . Unique traits that enable P. americana to survive extreme environmental stressors have also been discovered, such as its co-evolutionary relationship with the endosymbiotic Blattabacterium, a bacterium which provides essential amino acids to its host (Cochran et al. 1979; Vicente et al. 2018) . Studies on the cockroach immune system have linked its expansive repertoire of immune-associated proteins to co","cbCaicgn3CrZhtn0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicgn3CrZhtn0","pdf",9399431,"English","# Introduction\n## Genome assembly approach\n## Assembly quality and annotation\n## Comparative insights","[{\"question\":\"How was the American cockroach genome assembled in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study generated a de novo assembly using high-fidelity PacBio long reads together with Hi-C sequencing to achieve chromosomal resolution.\"},{\"question\":\"What assembly quality metrics were reported for the final genome?\",\"answer\":\"The assembly produced a 3.23 Gb genome in 17 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 188.1 Mb, with BUSCO scores of 99.7% (genome) and 97.8% (protein annotation).\"},{\"question\":\"What biological value does this genome provide compared with earlier resources?\",\"answer\":\"It delivers chromosome-level completeness, including a chromosome missing from the previous reference, and enables comparative analyses showing expanded chemosensory and immune capabilities versus termite relatives.\"}]","Improved chromosome-level genome assembly of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana | PDF",1790718697,25]