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This literature review investigates the causes of teacher shortage through peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2023, identified via the Scopus database. After thematic coding of 52 articles across 18 countries, findings show that teacher shortage is multifaceted and shaped by interacting factors across attrition, recruitment, and retention. Alleviating it requires collective stakeholder initiatives, including actions to reduce attrition and strengthen recruitment and retention.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/important-aspects-of-teacher-shortage-in-schools-a-literature-review/593346/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/important-aspects-of-teacher-shortage-in-schools-a-literature-review/593346.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Elsa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the paper focus on regarding teacher shortage?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper focuses on teacher shortage as a worldwide challenge that affects teaching in schools, students’ learning, and ultimately the quality of education.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the literature review conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Peer-reviewed articles about teacher shortage from 2018–2023 were identified using the Scopus database, and 52 articles met the inclusion criteria. 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In a recent report, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) reported the need for some 44 million new teachers in schools to reach the Agenda 2030 targets. Attracting, recruiting and retaining new teachers is difficult in relation to both geographical areas and in certain subjects, being a common challenge of many developed countries and is seen in many countries of the world. Teacher shortage and the lack of teachers has consequences as teaching in schools, students’ learning and therefore the quality of education is affected.  \nThe aim of this paper was to study teacher shortage in schools through a literature review in order to explore the causes of the teacher shortage described in current literature and understand these causes based on teacher attrition, teacher recruitment and teacher retention. The included articles of this literature review were peer-reviewed articles regarding teacher shortage from 2018-2023 which were identified using the Scopus database. Some 52 of articles met the inclusion criteria of this literature review. The articles represented 18 different countries allover the world. The chosen methods of the studies also varied, for example, qualitative and quantitative studies. The content of the included articles was thematically encoded and categorized by the described a) reasons behind, b) area/subject c) and discussed solutions. The themes were identified inductively;  \nthey were strongly linked to the data, and the steps of qualitative content analysis were followed to identify these themes. The overall conclusion is that teacher shortage is multifaceted and complex. There are many reasons behind teacher shortage and there are many aspects that interact on several different levels. In order to alleviate teacher attrition and promote teacher recruitment and retention, collective initiatives by many of the stakeholders involved will be necessary.  \nKeywords: Professional development, qualitative content analysis, research review, teachers, teacher shortage  \nIntroduction  \nTeacher shortage appears to be a challenge worldwide. In a recent report, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO reports the need for some 44 million new teachers in schools to reach the Agenda 2030 targets (UNESCO, 2024). Attracting and retaining new teachers is difficult in relation to both geographical areas and in certain subject areas. Teacher shortage is a common challenge for many developed countries (European Commission, 2018). Teacher  \n∗Associate Professor in Education, Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sweden.  \n±Senior Lecturer, Department of Education, Mid Sweden University, Sweden.  \nshortage is seen in many countries (Federičová, 2020; Håkansson Lindqvist, Boström & Gidlund, 2022; O’Doherty & Harford, 2018). Teacher shortage has consequences as teaching in schools, students’ learning and therefore the quality of education. For example, UNESCO (2024) reports on the effects of teacher shortage on achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 in Education.  \nAim and Research Questions  \nThe aim of this paper is to study teacher shortage in schools through conducting a literature review in order to analyse peer-reviewed articles regarding teacher shortage from the period of 2018-2023. The following questions were posed: 1) How are the causes of the teacher shortage described in current literature? and 2) How do the reasons that have emerged for teacher shortage give an understanding of teacher attrition, teacher recruitment and teacher retention? This paper reviews teacher shortage and possibilities to alleviate teacher attrition, and to promote teacher recruitment and retainment. This involves attracting more people into teaching and keeping them in the prof","cbCaiaw8A21tTYAO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaw8A21tTYAO","pdf",219542,17,"English","# Introduction\n# Aim and Research Questions\n# Background","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper focus on regarding teacher shortage?\",\"answer\":\"The paper focuses on teacher shortage as a worldwide challenge that affects teaching in schools, students’ learning, and ultimately the quality of education.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the literature review conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Peer-reviewed articles about teacher shortage from 2018–2023 were identified using the Scopus database, and 52 articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies used varied methods and were thematically encoded and categorized.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper conclude about why teacher shortage happens?\",\"answer\":\"Teacher shortage is described as multifaceted and complex, with many interconnected reasons affecting teacher attrition, recruitment, and retention across different levels.\"}]","Important Aspects of Teacher Shortage in Schools - A Literature Review | PDF",1792077098,43]