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PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a biomedical approach using antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV transmission in high-risk groups, offering a promising preventive tool. This review examines PrEP implementation and its impact in India, emphasizing key populations such as men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs, including acceptability, concerns, motivations, and barriers. It highlights targeted awareness, anti-stigma work, and sustained advocacy for comprehensive sexual health education to maximize PrEP’s effectiveness.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/implementation-status-and-efficacy-of-prep-as-part-of-indias-hiv-prevention-strategy-a-review/404844/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/implementation-status-and-efficacy-of-prep-as-part-of-indias-hiv-prevention-strategy-a-review/404844.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is PrEP and why is it important in India’s HIV prevention strategy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a preventive biomedical approach that uses antiretroviral medication regularly to reduce HIV risk for high-risk individuals. It is presented as a promising tool to help combat the spread of HIV/AIDS in India.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which key populations does the review focus on?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review emphasizes acceptability and implementation impact for men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors does the review highlight for maximizing PrEP’s effectiveness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It underscores the importance of targeted awareness campaigns, anti-stigma initiatives, and persistent advocacy for comprehensive sexual health education to improve PrEP uptake and outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},404844,1790672927,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Indian Journal of Anthropological Research  \nVol. 3, No. 1, June 2024, pp. 187-197  \nISSN: 2583-2417 © ARF India. All Right Reserved  \n[URL: www.arfjournals.com](URL: www.arfjournals.com)  \n[https://DOI:10.47509/IJAR.2024.v03i01.12](https://DOI:10.47509/IJAR.2024.v03i01.12)  \nReview Articles  \nImplementation Status and Efficacy of PrEP as Part of India’s HIV Prevention Strategy: A Review  \nPratiti Majumder* and Roumi Deb**  \nAbstract: India faces a significant burden of HIV/AIDS, with a substantial number of new infections reported annually. To combat this epidemic, the implementation of new and effective preventive strategies is critical. PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis), a biomedical intervention involving the use of antiretroviral medication to prevent HIV transmission in high-risk individuals, has emerged as a promising tool in the global fight against the spread of the virus. This review explores the implementation and impact of PrEP in India’s efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, focusing on key populations such as men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs. A comprehensive review of acceptability among key populations, highlighting concerns, motivations, and barriers is presented. The paper underscores the importance of targeted awareness campaigns, anti-stigma initiatives, and persistent advocacy for comprehensive sexual health education to maximise PrEP’s potential in India’s fight against HIV/AIDS.  \nKeywords: HIV, FSW (Female Sex Workers), India, MSM (Men who have sex with Men), PrEP, Transgender  \nBackground  \nReceived : 11 May 2024  \nRevised : 24 May 2024  \nAccepted : 5 June 2024  \nPublished : 26 June 2024  \nTO CITE THIS ARTICLE:  \nMajumder, P., & Deb, R.(2024) . Implementation Status and Efficacy of PrEP as Part of India’s HIV Prevention Strategy: A Review, Indian Journal of Anthropological Research, 3: 1, pp. 187-  \n197. [https://DOI:10.47509/](https://DOI:10.47509/)[ ](https://DOI:10.47509/)[IJAR.2024.v03i01.12](IJAR.2024.v03i01.12)  \nHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its subsequent advanced stage of infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), have had a profound impact on global health since their first reported cases in the early 1980s.  \n* Masters Student, Department of Anthropology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida.  \n** Prof. (Dr) Roumi Deb, Head, Department of Anthropology, AISS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, [Noida.](Noida. E-mail:-rdev@amity.edu)[ E-mail:-rdev@amity.edu](Noida. E-mail:-rdev@amity.edu)  \nInitially identified among sexually active gay men in Los Angeles, the disease rapidly spread, leading to a surge in opportunistic infections and immunerelated disorders within the affected communities. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States introduced the term AIDS in 1982, defining it as a condition resulting from a dysfunctional immune response, particularly prevalent in the homosexual community.  \nAfter the first initial disease outbreak in India in the 1980s, the epidemic primarily affected high-risk groups, including FSW, MSM, and IDU (intravenous drug users) (Paranjape & Challacombe, 2016) . However, the heterosexual pathway was responsible for the majority of transmissions (Paranjape & Challacombe, 2016) . Initially, infections primarily affected truck drivers and female sex workers, but they quickly spread to housewives and the wider public. Men having sex with men (MSM) both involved and not involved in sex work, injecting drug users (IDU), and migrant workers and their spouses currently have the highest prevalence.  \nAs of 2021, the national adult HIV prevalence has come down to 0.21% in India with a significant decline since the peak in 2000 (0.55%). According to the National AIDS Control Organisation, around 2.4 million people today are HIVpositive, and regional variations have been highlighted in terms of prevalence with the highest being the northeastern states of Mizoram, Nagal","cbCaiuFoPNnR6kSI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuFoPNnR6kSI","pdf",378874,11,"English","# Background\n## HIV/AIDS burden in India\n## Existing prevention measures\n# PrEP in India\n## Implementation and impact\n## Acceptability among key populations\n# Barriers and enablers\n## Concerns and motivations\n## Awareness and anti-stigma initiatives\n# Conclusion\n## Maximizing PrEP effectiveness","[{\"question\":\"What is PrEP and why is it important in India’s HIV prevention strategy?\",\"answer\":\"PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is a preventive biomedical approach that uses antiretroviral medication regularly to reduce HIV risk for high-risk individuals. It is presented as a promising tool to help combat the spread of HIV/AIDS in India.\"},{\"question\":\"Which key populations does the review focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes acceptability and implementation impact for men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors does the review highlight for maximizing PrEP’s effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"It underscores the importance of targeted awareness campaigns, anti-stigma initiatives, and persistent advocacy for comprehensive sexual health education to improve PrEP uptake and outcomes.\"}]","Implementation Status and Efficacy of PrEP as Part of India’s HIV Prevention Strategy - A Review | PDF",1790551301,28]